Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the 2 zones in the respiratory system?
Conducting zone and respiratory zone.
What are the structures in the conducting zone?
Nasal cavity, Nostril, Oral cavity, Larynx, Pharynx and Trachea.
What are the structures that make up the respiratory system?
Left and right main bronchus, left and right lung and the diaphragm.
What are the divisions of the pharynx?
Naso, oro and laryngo.
Where is the hard palate located?
Roof of the mouth.
Where is the soft palette located?
Back of the throat
Function of the conducting zone?
- Route for the air.
- Remove debris and pathogens.
- Warm and humidify the air.
What is the fucntion of the sinuses?
Produce mucus and lighten the weight of the skull.
What are the nasal cavities lined with?
Lined with mucous membranes, containing sebaceous glands and hair follicles that serve to prevent the passage of large debris, such as dirt, through the nasal cavity.
What are the sinuses lined with?
Respiratory epithelium composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What is the hilum of the lungs and what is its function?
The hilum is what connects your lungs to their supporting structures and where pulmonary vessels enter and exit your lungs. The hilum allows the bronchi, pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves, and lymphatic vessels to enter and exit the lung.
What is the visceral pleura and its function?
The visceral pleura’s primary function is to produce and reabsorb pleural fluid, which lubricates the pleural cavity and allows smooth, frictionless movement of the lungs during breathing. It also helps to maintain negative pressure which is needed for breathing.
What is the parietal pleura and its function?
Parietal = OUTER
The parietal pleura, along with the visceral pleura, produces a thin layer of lubricating fluid within the pleural cavity.
This fluid allows the lungs and chest wall to slide smoothly during breathing.
The parietal pleura also has specialized openings (stomata) that allow for the removal of large particles from the pleural space.
What happens to pulmonary arteries as they approach alveoli?
They become a capillary network.
What is a respiratory membrane?
Where capillary wall meets alveolar wall.
How does oxygen rich blood leave the lungs?
Oxygen rich blood exits the lungs through the hilum via pulmonary veins.
What is bronchoconstriction and what stimulates it?
Bronchoconstriction is the tightening of the smooth muscles surrounding the airways (bronchi and bronchioles), which leads to a narrowing of these passage. Cause by the parasympathetic nervous system. tight and calm.
What is bronchodilation and what stimulates it?
Bronchodilation is the widening of the bronchial tubes and bronchioles in the lungs, essentially relaxing the muscles around the airways to allow more air to flow. Caused by the sympathetic nervous system, stress widen.
Pulmonary plexus?
Region of lung root formed by entrance of nerves at hilum, nerves follow bronchi and branch out.
