Respiratory system

Question 1

role of the respiratory system

Answer 1

transport and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood

Question 2

the conducting division

Answer 2

transports air to respiratory division
prepares air for gas exchange by warming and moistening it
consists of structures from the nose/mouth to bronchioles

Question 3

the respiratory division

Answer 3

site of gas exchange
large surface and area and large blood supply
consists of respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

Question 4

Mucus lining

Answer 4

lines the nasal cavity and upper airways
has an epithelial lining with two types of cells:
goblet cells- secrete a clear, sticky mucus)
ciliated cells- cilia moves mocus and debris up to the pharynx

Question 5

nasal cavity

Answer 5

air enters through the nose and mouth
when it passes the mucous membrane, it’s warmed and humidified

Question 6

pharynx

Answer 6

goes from the nasal cavity to the top of the trachea
air travels through it before going into the trachea, past the epiglottis

Question 7

epiglottis

Answer 7

closes over the trachea when you swallow
to prevent substances from enetering the trachea, and forcing them to go into the esophagus instead

Question 8

larynx

Answer 8

box-like cartilage strucutre joining the pharynx and trachea

Question 9

trachea

Answer 9

carries air in and out of the lungs
has c-shaped cartilage rings holding it open
splits into two branches at the base

Question 10

bronchi

Answer 10

primary bronchi: two branches split off from the trachea - one for each lung
these split into secondary bronchi which take air into each lobe of the lung
they then divide forming tertiary bronchi
also made w c-shaped cartilage rings

Question 11

bronchioles

Answer 11

when tertiary bronchi branch, they form smaller airways called bronchioles
they continue to split until they end in terminal bronchioles
made of smooth muscle and elastin fibres - allows them to control airflow in the lungs

Question 12

lungs

Answer 12

left lung has two lobes, the right has three
pleura: a membrane covering the surface of the lungs, and lining the inside of the chest
between the two layers of membrane is a layer of pleural fluid
inside the lungs, smallest bronchioles open into clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli

Question 13

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 13

terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles
they terminate into microscopic clusters of air sacs (alveoli)

Question 14

alveoli

what are they, function, O2/CO2 flow, lining, relation to capillaries

Answer 14

functional units of the lungs
gas exchange
where gas exchange takes place
gases move betwen the blood in the capillaries and air in the lungs
each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries
there’s a net flow of oxygen from airways into blood, and net flow of carbon dioxide from blood into airways
alveoli are coated in a slippery fluid called surfactant (prevents walls from stickiing)
alveoli and capillaires are lined with simple squamous epithelium
epithelium of alveolus and neighbouring capillary share a basement membrane
this means there’s a very thin wall for gases to move across

Question 15

How are lungs well suited to gas exchange

5 things

Answer 15

alveoli has a large internal surface area for efficient gas exchange
each alveoli is well supplied with blood vessels
wall of alveoli is very thin
lungs are deep inside the body to prevent fluid evaporation
lung volume can be changed so air can flow in and out of lungs