respiratory system Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of a sputum analysis?
Identify bacteria or organisms causing infection
Sputum analysis helps in diagnosing infections by examining the sample for pathogens.
Which diagnostic test measures lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange?
Pulmonary function test
This test evaluates the respiratory system’s efficiency.
In obstructive lung diseases like asthma, what difficulty does a child primarily experience?
Difficulty exhaling due to airway resistance
Asthma leads to narrowed airways, causing trouble during exhalation.
What is the most appropriate nursing consideration before performing chest physiotherapy (CPT)?
Auscultate lung fields to determine affected areas
This ensures targeted therapy on specific lung regions.
Which inhalation device delivers moistened air directly into the respiratory tract and is commonly used for bronchodilators?
Nebulizer
Nebulizers are effective for delivering medication in aerosol form.
What is the most common viral cause of acute nasopharyngitis in children?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
RSV is a leading cause of respiratory infections in young children.
What is a common symptom of streptococcal pharyngitis?
Sandpaper-like rash (scarlatiniform rash)
This rash is often associated with streptococcal infections.
What is the priority intervention for a child experiencing epistaxis?
Apply pressure on the sides of the nose
This helps to stop the bleeding effectively.
Which respiratory condition is characterized by a ‘barking’ cough and inspiratory stridor?
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Croup is often caused by viral infections and affects the upper airway.
What is the first-line treatment for viral pneumonia?
Supportive care and antipyretics
Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections; supportive care is essential.
What is a common complication of aspiration in infants and toddlers?
Complete airway obstruction
Aspiration can lead to severe respiratory distress and requires immediate attention.
Which medication is primarily used for the prevention of RSV in high-risk infants?
Palivizumab
This monoclonal antibody is administered to prevent RSV infection in vulnerable populations.
Which statement about cystic fibrosis is true?
It leads to thick mucus secretions in the lungs and pancreas
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting mucus-producing glands.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for tuberculosis in children?
Mantoux test (Tuberculin Skin Test)
This skin test helps identify latent TB infections.
Which of the following findings is common in asthma?
Prolonged expiration with wheezing
Wheezing is a hallmark of obstructive airway diseases such as asthma.
Which condition requires continuous beta-agonist nebulization and IV corticosteroids?
Status asthmaticus
This severe asthma attack necessitates aggressive treatment to prevent respiratory failure.
What is a primary characteristic of restrictive lung disease?
Difficulty inhaling due to lung tissue stiffness
Restrictive lung diseases limit lung expansion, affecting inhalation.
Which treatment is NOT commonly used for asthma?
Incentive spirometry
Incentive spirometry is more often used for postoperative patients to encourage lung expansion.
Which intervention is critical for preventing complications in cystic fibrosis?
Chest physiotherapy
This helps clear mucus from the lungs, reducing infection risk.
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in school-aged children?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
This bacterium is a leading cause of pneumonia in this age group.
