Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the ratio of anteroposterior to transverse (lateral) diameter in a normal adult chest?
1:2
What is the ratio of anteroposterior to transverse (lateral) diameter in an adult with a barrel chest?
1:1
What are the two associated diseases that can occur with COPD?
- Obstructive chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
Describe obstructive chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi
the lumen of the bronchi gets smaller with excess mucous. This results in less air coming in and out of the lungs
Describe emphysema
Narrowing of the space before the alveoli causes air to get trapped in the alveoli
What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?
- Oxygenated blood
- Gets rid of CO2
- Regulates blood pH
- Moistens air coming in
- Protect against air pathogens
What is the first step in the gas exchange pathway?
Inhalation
What is the second step in the gas exchange pathway?
O2 travels from the lungs into the capillaries surrounding the alveoli
What is the third step in the gas exchange pathway?
Oxygenated (arterial) blood goes into the heart
What is the pathway air follows in the heart?
Left atrium -> left ventricle -> entire body
What is the fourth step in the gas exchange pathway?
O2 travels in the blood, reaching the cells of different tissues
What is the fifth step in the gas exchange pathway?
CO2 enters the capillaries from the cells while O2 enters the cells
What is the sixth step in the gas exchange pathway?
CO2 travels in the venous system back to the heart
What is the path that CO2 follows in the heart?
Right atrium -> right ventricle -> lungs
What is the seventh step in the gas exchange pathway?
CO2 leaves the blood at the capillaries and goes into the lungs
What is the eighth step in the gas exchange pathway?
CO2 exhalation
Explain the conduction portion of the respiratory system
Involves air moving through structures until it reaches the respiratory portion
Which structures are involved in the conduction portion?
Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal brochioles
Explain the respiratory part of the respiratory system
Gas exchange occurs between the respiratory and cardiovascular system
What structures are involved in the respiratory portion?
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli
What are the four layers the respiratory histology is organized into?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular
Adventitia
What structures does the upper respiratory system consist of?
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
What structures does the lower respiratory system consist of?
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
What 3 things make up the pharynx?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
What are the functions of the nasal concha?
Warming and humidifying the air
Regulating airflow
Immune function
Olfactory function
