Respiratory System

Question 1

The most common pathogen associated with common colds

Answer 1

Rhinoviruses

Question 2

A viral illness in which patients complain of a scratchy throat, followed by nasal obsteuction and rhinorrhea with predominance of PMNs in the nasal secretions.

Answer 2

Common Cold

Question 3

The most common complication of a cold is:

Answer 3

Otitis Media

Question 4

The condition caused by this organism often has rapid progression noted with prominent sore throat, fever woth no cough.

Answer 4

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Question 5

Gold standard for diagnosing Strep Pharyngitis:

Answer 5

Throat Culture

Question 6

True or False: Primary benefit of treatment of Strep Pharyngitis is the prevention of acute rheumatic fever

Answer 6

True

Question 7

GABHS is still susceptible to this drug

Answer 7

Penicillin

Question 8

GABHS is still susceptible to this drug

Answer 8

Penicillin

Question 9

To eradicate streptococcal carriage ( Strep Pharyngitis), this drug can be given:

Answer 9

Clindamycin

Question 10

These are more common in children younger than 3-4 y.o. associated with non-specific symptoms such as fever, irritability, decreased oral intake, drooling. On PE with bulging posterior pharyngeal wall

Answer 10

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Question 11

This is caused by bacteri invasion through the capsule of the tonsils,leading to cellulitis and or abscess formation of the surrlunding tissiues. On PE there is asymmetric tonsillar bulge with displacement of the uvula

Answer 11

Peritonsillar Cellulitis or Abscess

Question 12

This condition mostly affects children ages 3 months old to 5 years old and presents with barking cough, hoarseness and inspiratory stridor.

Answer 12

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Question 13

In radiographs, this shows subglottic narrowing (Steeple Sign)

Answer 13

Croup

Question 14

This organism is the most commonly identified etiology of acute epiglottitis:

Answer 14

H. Influenza Type B

Question 15

For vaccinated children, these organisms causes epiglottitis:

Answer 15

Strep (pyogenes and pneumoniae)
Staph aureus

Question 16

This is a rapidly progressive disease with fever, sore throat, dyspnea and progressing respiratory obstruction. Patients are observed to have an hyperextended neck or in a tripod position with a wide open mouth sometimes also associated with droolong

Answer 16

Supraglottitis (Acute Epiglottitis)

Question 17

Classic radiologic finding of a “thumb sign”

Answer 17

Epiglottitis

Question 18

Diagnosis of this condition is via laryngoscopy showing a large, cherry red swollen epiglottitis

Answer 18

Epiglottitis

Question 19

Rifampin prophylaxis (Epiglottitis):

Answer 19

<48 Months (Incompletely Immunized)
<12 Months (No primary vaccination series)
Immunocompromised child in the household

Question 20

This condition is initially charcterized by an URTI with symptoms such as sore throat, cough and hoarseness which is usually out of proportion to the systemic manifestations.

Answer 20

Acute Infectious Laryngitis

Question 21

This condition is initially charcterized by an URTI with symptoms such as sore throat, cough and hoarseness which is usually out of proportion to the systemic manifestations.

Answer 21

Acute Infectious Laryngitis

Question 22

The principal area affected is the subglottic area.

Answer 22

Acute Infectious Laryngitis

Question 23

This organism is the most commonly isolated pathogen for Bacterial Tracheitis:

Answer 23

S. Aureus

Question 24

Usually follows a viral infection, may be considered as a bacterial complication of a viral disease characterized by brassy cough, high fever, appears to be in distress

Answer 24

Bacterial Tracheitis

Question 25

If visualized there’s mucosal swelling at the level of the cricoid cartilage associated with copiulpus, thick and purulwnt secretions, sometimes with pseudomembranes are also seen.

Answer 25

Bacterial Tracheitis

Question 26

The most common congenital laryngeal anomaly and the most common cause of stridor in infants and children

Answer 26

Laryngomalacia

Question 27

This condition usually presents as URTI then disease progresses tobhave frequent dry, hacking cough which may or may not be productive, usually lasts about 2 weeks

Answer 27

Bronchitis

Question 28

This sequelae can be seen in casesbo oligohydramnios or thoracic dystrophy.

Answer 28

Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Question 29

Consists of hamartomatous or dysplastic lung tissues mixed with more normal lung usually confined only in one lobe of the lung

Answer 29

Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation

Question 30

It is a congenital anomaly of the lung wherein lung tissues does not connect to the bronchus and recieves arterial supply from the systemic arteries and returns blood to the right side of the heart (either IVC or pulml veins)

Answer 30

Pulmonary Sequestration

Question 31

The most common cause of pleural effusion in children:

Answer 31

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 32

Pain is the principal complain exaggerated by deep breathing, coughing and straining. This process usually is limited to the visceral pleura with small amounts of yellow seroua fluid and adhesions between the pleural surfaces

Answer 32

Dry or Plastic Pleurisy (Pleural Effusion)

Question 33

This condition has fibrinous exudates on the pleural surface and an exudatibe effusion or serous flyid into the pleural cavity

Answer 33

Serofibrinous or Serosanguineous Pleurisy

Question 34

This may benefit from thoracentesis.

Answer 34

Serofibrinous or Serosanguineous Pleurisy

Question 35

This is usually associated with bacterial pneimonia as well as post-traumatic condition

Answer 35

Purulent Pleurisy or Empyema

Question 36

There is accumulation of extrapulmonary air within the chest, mostly from leakage of air from within the lung

Answer 36

Pneumothorax