Respiratory System Flashcards
The most common pathogen associated with common colds
Rhinoviruses
A viral illness in which patients complain of a scratchy throat, followed by nasal obsteuction and rhinorrhea with predominance of PMNs in the nasal secretions.
Common Cold
The most common complication of a cold is:
Otitis Media
The condition caused by this organism often has rapid progression noted with prominent sore throat, fever woth no cough.
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Gold standard for diagnosing Strep Pharyngitis:
Throat Culture
True or False: Primary benefit of treatment of Strep Pharyngitis is the prevention of acute rheumatic fever
True
GABHS is still susceptible to this drug
Penicillin
GABHS is still susceptible to this drug
Penicillin
To eradicate streptococcal carriage ( Strep Pharyngitis), this drug can be given:
Clindamycin
These are more common in children younger than 3-4 y.o. associated with non-specific symptoms such as fever, irritability, decreased oral intake, drooling. On PE with bulging posterior pharyngeal wall
Retropharyngeal Abscess
This is caused by bacteri invasion through the capsule of the tonsils,leading to cellulitis and or abscess formation of the surrlunding tissiues. On PE there is asymmetric tonsillar bulge with displacement of the uvula
Peritonsillar Cellulitis or Abscess
This condition mostly affects children ages 3 months old to 5 years old and presents with barking cough, hoarseness and inspiratory stridor.
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
In radiographs, this shows subglottic narrowing (Steeple Sign)
Croup
This organism is the most commonly identified etiology of acute epiglottitis:
H. Influenza Type B
For vaccinated children, these organisms causes epiglottitis:
Strep (pyogenes and pneumoniae)
Staph aureus
This is a rapidly progressive disease with fever, sore throat, dyspnea and progressing respiratory obstruction. Patients are observed to have an hyperextended neck or in a tripod position with a wide open mouth sometimes also associated with droolong
Supraglottitis (Acute Epiglottitis)
Classic radiologic finding of a “thumb sign”
Epiglottitis
Diagnosis of this condition is via laryngoscopy showing a large, cherry red swollen epiglottitis
Epiglottitis
Rifampin prophylaxis (Epiglottitis):
<48 Months (Incompletely Immunized)
<12 Months (No primary vaccination series)
Immunocompromised child in the household
This condition is initially charcterized by an URTI with symptoms such as sore throat, cough and hoarseness which is usually out of proportion to the systemic manifestations.
Acute Infectious Laryngitis
This condition is initially charcterized by an URTI with symptoms such as sore throat, cough and hoarseness which is usually out of proportion to the systemic manifestations.
Acute Infectious Laryngitis
The principal area affected is the subglottic area.
Acute Infectious Laryngitis
This organism is the most commonly isolated pathogen for Bacterial Tracheitis:
S. Aureus
Usually follows a viral infection, may be considered as a bacterial complication of a viral disease characterized by brassy cough, high fever, appears to be in distress
Bacterial Tracheitis
If visualized there’s mucosal swelling at the level of the cricoid cartilage associated with copiulpus, thick and purulwnt secretions, sometimes with pseudomembranes are also seen.
Bacterial Tracheitis
The most common congenital laryngeal anomaly and the most common cause of stridor in infants and children
Laryngomalacia
This condition usually presents as URTI then disease progresses tobhave frequent dry, hacking cough which may or may not be productive, usually lasts about 2 weeks
Bronchitis
This sequelae can be seen in casesbo oligohydramnios or thoracic dystrophy.
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Consists of hamartomatous or dysplastic lung tissues mixed with more normal lung usually confined only in one lobe of the lung
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
It is a congenital anomaly of the lung wherein lung tissues does not connect to the bronchus and recieves arterial supply from the systemic arteries and returns blood to the right side of the heart (either IVC or pulml veins)
Pulmonary Sequestration
The most common cause of pleural effusion in children:
Bacterial pneumonia
Pain is the principal complain exaggerated by deep breathing, coughing and straining. This process usually is limited to the visceral pleura with small amounts of yellow seroua fluid and adhesions between the pleural surfaces
Dry or Plastic Pleurisy (Pleural Effusion)
This condition has fibrinous exudates on the pleural surface and an exudatibe effusion or serous flyid into the pleural cavity
Serofibrinous or Serosanguineous Pleurisy
This may benefit from thoracentesis.
Serofibrinous or Serosanguineous Pleurisy
This is usually associated with bacterial pneimonia as well as post-traumatic condition
Purulent Pleurisy or Empyema
There is accumulation of extrapulmonary air within the chest, mostly from leakage of air from within the lung
Pneumothorax
