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BIO FINAL > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Exchange gases: Inhilation and exhalation
  2. Defense: Filters air
  3. Gas conditioning: Warms and moistens incoming air
  4. Sound production: Can you hear me now?
  5. Olfaction (smell): Can you smell me now?
  6. Acid bas balance/regulation
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2
Q

What are the two classifications of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Structural Divisions: Upper vs. Lower
  2. Functional Divisions
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3
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

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4
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

Glottis, trachea, bronchial tree, and alveoli

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5
Q

What is the “conducting” functional division consist of?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, glottis, trachea, and 1’,2’,3’ bronchi

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6
Q

What is the “respiratory” functional division consist of?

A

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

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7
Q

What do nasal bones support?

A

Support superior cartilaginous dorsum nasi supported anteroinferiorly

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8
Q

Nostrils

A

External nares

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9
Q

Nasal conchae

A

Superior, middle, and inferior conchae

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10
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Drained into the nasal cavity

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11
Q

Goblet cells

A

Produce mucus

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12
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and food
1. Nasopharynx = behind internal nares
2. Oropharynx = behind oral cavity
3. Laryngopharynx = in front of glottis

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13
Q

Larynx

A

Connects laryngopharynx to the trachea

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14
Q

The 3 major cartilages of the larynx are

A
  1. Thyroid cartilage
  2. Cricoid cartilage
  3. Epiglottis
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15
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Has an anterior and lateral walls but no posterior wall

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16
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Inferior to thyroid cartilage and only cartilage with a posterior surface

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17
Q

Epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage superior to glottis

18
Q

Sound Production

A

Vocal cords extend from thyroid cartilage to one of the lesser cartilages

19
Q

Adducts

A

Tightens; high pitch sound

20
Q

Abducts

A

Loosens; low pitch sound

21
Q

Trachea

A

Inferior to the larynx, superior to the primary bronchi and anterior to the esophagus
Connected to each other by annular ligaments

22
Q

Trachea histology

A

Mucosa lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

23
Q

The right primary bronchus

A

Divides into 3 secondary bronchi

24
Q

The left primary bronchus

A

Divides into 2 secondary bronchi

25
Q

Bronchial tree histology

A

Mucosal layer is made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar spithelium

26
Q

Bronchioles

A

Walls lack cartilage
Walls have a thick layer of smooth muscle
Get smaller until alveolar ducts

27
Q

Bronchioles histology

A

Lined with simple columnar or simple squamous epithelium

28
Q

Terminal bronchioles branch into

A

Respiratory bronchioles

29
Q

Respiratory bronchioles branch into

A

Alveolar ducts

30
Q

Alveolar ducts end with small sacks called

A

Alveoli = site of gas exchange

31
Q

Cells of the alveolus

A

Most cells = Simple squamous type 1 cells
Some cells = cuboidal type 2 cells (make pulmonary surfactant)

32
Q

Alveolar macrophages (dust cell)

A

Engulfs any microorganism or debris

33
Q

Each lung is located in a

A

Pleural cavity

34
Q

Visceral pleura tightly adheres to the

A

Outside of the lung

35
Q

Parietal pleura lines

A

The pleural cavity = filled with fluid

36
Q

The mediastinal surface houses the

A

Hilum

37
Q

Cardiac impression

A

Medial surface indentation caused by heart
Has an anterior indented region (cardiac notch)

38
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Conducts blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs

39
Q

Bronchial circulation

A

Component of the systemic sirculation that delivers blood directly to and from the bronchi and bronchioles

40
Q

2 phases of pulmonary ventilation

A
  1. Inspiration = V increase, pressure decrease
  2. Exhilation
41
Q

Muscles that lift chest upwards for air

A

Sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor

42
Q

Muscle that elevated hte ribs increasing thoracic cavity

A

Serratus posterior superior muscle

BIO FINAL (2 decks)

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