Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the respiratory main function?

Answer 1

performing critical tasks involved in transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s blood and removing carbon dioxide from the body’s cells

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

the basic structural until of an organism from which living things are created

Question 3

What is the respiratory system specifically structured to do?

Answer 3

to maximize surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (the surface area of alveoli is huge)

Question 4

alveoli

Answer 4

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place (gas exchange)

Question 5

Inhaling/exhaling

Answer 5

the process of bringing oxygen into the lungs

Question 6

ventilation

Answer 6

the exchange of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the lungs (occurs as a combination of muscle action nad negative pressure)

Question 7

explain how air enters the body

Answer 7

Air enters through nasal openings, moves into the nasal cavity, and travels past the pharynx(throat) and the trachea. Air continues to the first divisions of the trachea (the right and left bronchi). The air directed to the left bronchus continues to the left lung. Both right and left bronchi subdivide into smaller and thinner tubes called bronchioles (clusters of grapes) and they terminate in alveoli.

Question 8

trachea

Answer 8

the windpipe which connects the larynx to the lungs

Question 9

bronchioles

Answer 9

small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli

Question 10

Mediastinum

Answer 10

The area between the two lungs (where the heart is located)(left)(this makes the right lung larger-three lobes)

Question 11

The lobes in the right lung

Answer 11

the superior, middle, and inferior

Question 12

The lobes in the left lung

Answer 12

the superior and inferior

Question 13

How are the lobes divided?

Answer 13

bronchopulmonary segments, each segment receives air from its own bronchus and receives blood from its artery

Question 14

pleura

Answer 14

a membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity

Question 15

Where are the lungs contained?

Answer 15

thoracic cavity

Question 16

Heart’s role in the respiratory system?

Answer 16

note- the heart is not part of the respiratory system
-transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body
-heart pulmonary system sends blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is dropped off

Where does this happen?
capillaries of the circulatory system interact its the alveoli of the lungs

Finally?
This new oxygenated blood is then returned to the heart where the system circulation sends all parts of the body. As oxygen is consumed by the cells, the blood becomes deoxygenated and is returned to the heart

Question 17

How does gas exchange in the lungs occur? (inversely/directly proportional)

Answer 17

Diffusion-passive transport mechanism(not require added energy)
-the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the surface area involved
-inversely proportional to the thickness of the blood gas barrier/distance

Question 18

Diffusion in the lungs explanation

Answer 18

-oxygen in the lungs moves into the blood and carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the lungs
-lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere
-When the heart’s pulmonary vessels enter the lungs, the blood has a low concentration of oxygen, whereas the recently inhaled air in the alveoli has a high concentration of oxygen (in comparison to the capillaries)
-remeber difussion(high to low concentration)
-thin alveolar epithelium allows for diffusion
-NOW OPPOSITE! capillaries contain high levels of co2, alveoli contain high levels of oxygen and a low concentration of co2

Summary: carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli and oxygen into the blood capillaries

Question 19

Ventilation-muscle info

Answer 19

-diaphragm/intercostal muscles (between ribs) contact simultaneously to increase volume of lungs
-decreases the pressure in the lungs and draws in air
-when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, reduction in lung volume and increase in pressure in the lungs (air is now pushed out)

Question 20

tidal volume

Answer 20

the amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation