Respiratory system Flashcards
Explain external gaseous exchange
1.High ppO2 in alveoli
2.low ppO2 in RBC
3.Creates concentration gradient
4.Gas moves from high to low pressures
5.O2 diffuses from alveoli into RBC
Explain internal gas exchange
1.High ppO2 in blood
2.Low ppO2 in muscles
3.Creates concentration gradient
4.Gas movs from high to low pressures
5.O2 diffuses into muscles
Inspiration at rest
- External intercostal muscles contract (with more force)
- pulls ribs up and out (further)
- Diaphragm contract and flattens (with more force)
- increases thoracic cavity vol (more than at rest)
- decreases pressure in thoracic cavity (MTAR)
- (even) lower air pressure in the thoracic than the atmospheric pressure
- air moves from high to low pressure
- (more) air rushes into lungs (quicker)
Expiration at rest
- External intercostal muscles relax
- ribs go in and down
- Diaphragm relaxes
- lungs return to their natural position
- decreases thoracic cavity vol
- increases pressure in the thoracic cavity
- higher pressure in the thoracic cavity than atmospheric pressure
- air moves from high to low pressures
- air rushes out of the lungs
Dissociation curve
-Muscles generate more heat
-Use up more O2-Lower PPO2
-produce more CO2-Higher PPCO2
-Produce lactic acid
-This causes more O2 to dissociate hemoglobin, known as BOHR shift (shifts right)
Respiration equation
Minute ventilation=tidal volume x frequency
Untrained performer values of respiration
Rest:
VE=6-7.5L/min
TV=500ml
Frequency=12-15bpm
Max:
F=45 bpm
TV=2.5-3 L
VE=125 L/min
Tidal volume
The volume of air inspired or expired per breath
Frequency
Number of breaths per minute
Minute ventilation
The volume of air inspired or expired per minute
Expiration during exercise
-Becomes active
-Involves rectus abdominals & internal intercostal muscles
1. External intercostal muscles relax
2. ribs go in and down further
2. Diaphragm relaxes
3. lungs return to a natural position
3. decreases thoracic cavity vol more than at rest
4. increases pressure in the thoracic cavity MTAR
5. higher pressure in the thoracic cavity than atmospheric pressure
5. air moves from high to low pressures
5. more air rushes out of the lungs quicker
Inspiration during exercise
Involves Pectorals minor & scalenes
1. External intercostal muscles contract with more force
2. pulls ribs up and out further
3. The diaphragm contracts and flattens with more force
4. increases thoracic cavity vol more than at rest
5. decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity MTAR
6. even lower air pressure in the thoracic than the atmospheric pressure
7. air moves from high to low pressure
8. more air rushes into the lungs quicker
