Respiratory System

Question 1

respiratory epithelium

Answer 1

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, prominent basal bodies, goblet cells, thickened basement membrane

Question 2

trachea ring

Answer 2

composed of hyaline cartilage

Question 3

respiratory mucosa

Answer 3

ciliated pseduostratified columnar epithelium, mucous goblet cells, basal cells, thickened basement membrane, apical line representing basal bodies, cilia

no brush cells or granule cells

Question 4

submucosa

Answer 4

above and to either side of cartilage, can see serous and mucous glands

Question 5

tracheal mucosa

Answer 5

abundance of goblet cells, basal bodies, thick basement membrane, small blood vessels and lymphatics in both the lamina propria and submucosa

Question 6

sinus

Answer 6

cavity within bone, lined with respiratory epithelium, connects to nasal air passage by duct

Question 7

concahe

Answer 7

superior, middle, inferior. turbinate bone inside each conchae, covered with respiratory epithelium

Question 8

swell bodies

Answer 8

venous sinus, contained in loose CT around turbinate bone, brings warmth and humidity to nasal airways

Question 9

bowman’s glands

Answer 9

specialized glands in the olfactory area, produces proteinaceous serous secretions

Question 10

proteinaceous serous secretions

Answer 10

clear cell surfaces of old odorants, enhances odorant absorption

Question 11

olfactory nerve bundle

Answer 11

non-myelinated nerve, appears very cellular

Question 12

olfactory epithelium

Answer 12

consists of basal cells, supporting cells, bipolar neurons. non-ciliated epithelium, nuclei have more ordered appearance

Question 13

laryngeal cartilage

Answer 13

prominent perichondrium, skeletal muscle, chondrocytes in lacunae

Question 14

vestibular fold (false volcal cord)

Answer 14

no skeletal muscle in submucosa, serous and mucous glands present in submucosa, respiratory epithelium

Question 15

true vocal cord

Answer 15

pominent skeletal muscle in submucosa, no serous or mucous glands present in submucosa, vocal ligament between skeletal muscle and epithelium, stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium

Question 16

alveolar septae

Answer 16

thin tissues separating alveoli or alveolar sacs and ducts

Question 17

mesothelium

Answer 17

discontinuous row of nuclei, found in pleura, rests on CT of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 18

bronchi

Answer 18

irregular cartilage plates, respiratory epithelium

Question 19

regular bronchiole

Answer 19

no cartilage, prominent smooth muscle, ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, clara cells

Question 20

clara cells

Answer 20

present between epithelial cells, provides lubrication

Question 21

terminal bronchiole

Answer 21

non-ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelium, no goblet cells, clara cells

Question 22

respiratory bronchiole

Answer 22

non-ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelium, clara cells, alveolar outpockets

Question 23

alveolar sac

Answer 23

an airspace that serves as the common opening for multiple alveoli

Question 24

alveolar cusp

Answer 24

projects into the alveolar duct

Question 25

endothelial cells lining the alveolar

capillaries are identified

Answer 25

by their crescent shaped nucleus

Question 26

Type I pneumocyte

Answer 26

has a flattened nucleus which bulges out into the alveolar airspace and its cytoplasm is extremely attenuated and not visible around the nucleus

Question 27

Type II pneumocyte

Answer 27

has a large round nucleus, visible cytoplasm, and is commonly found at the junction of alveolar septums

Question 28

alveolar macrophages or dust cells

Answer 28

darker cells clumped at the septal junction with prominent black granules in their cytoplasm

Question 29

pores of kohn

Answer 29

discrete holes in walls of adjacent alveoli