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Anatomy & Physiology II > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures and their functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. nose/nasal cavity: cleans, warms, humidifies chamber for air
  2. pharynx: throat→passage for food/air
  3. larynx: voice box→keep airway open
  4. trachea: windpipe→air-cleaner/funnel for each lung
  5. bronchi: tubes for airflow to lungs
  6. lungs: air tubes/sacs→gas exchange btwn air & blood
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2
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. breathing→pulmonary ventilation
  2. gas exchange
    -Pulmonary (lungs & blood)
    - tissue (blood & cells)
  3. blood pH regulation
  4. creation of ACE
  5. voice/sound production
  6. olfaction (smell)
  7. protection (against microorganisms)
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3
Q

What are the two parts of the respiratory tract & structures?

A
  1. upper respiratory tract
    - nose→larynx
  2. lower respiratory tract
    - trachea→alveoli
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4
Q

What is the conducting zone?

A
  • structures from nose→small air tubes in lungs
  • ONLY pulmonary ventilation
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5
Q

What is the respiratory zone?

A
  • ONLY lungs, small air tubes, alveoli
  • location for gas exchange
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6
Q

What are the 4 processes involved in gas exchanged btwn air and blood?

A
  1. pulmonary ventilation
  2. pulmonary gas exchange
  3. gas transport
  4. tissue gas exchange
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7
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A
  • breathing
  • air move in/out of respiratory halls
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8
Q

What is pulmonary gas exchange?

A
  • movement of O2 out of alveoli→blood
  • movement of CO2 out of blood→alveoli
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9
Q

What is gas transport?

A
  • CO2 & O2 travel in blood to/from cells
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10
Q

What is tissue gas exchange?

A
  • exit of O2 from blood→cells
  • exit of CO2 from cells→blood
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11
Q

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. passage for air
  2. olfactory (smell)
  3. cleans air
  4. humidifies/warms air
  5. voice sound
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12
Q

What is the purpose of the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity?

A
  • to warm/humidify inspired (inhaled) air
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13
Q

What are the regions of the pharynx?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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14
Q

What is the function of nasopharynx?

A
  • mucous membrane cleans air (traps microbes)
  • uvula → moves food to back of throat
  • tonsils → fight against infection
  • connect to auditory tubes→pressure balance
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of ligaments in the larynx?

A
  1. vestibular folds
  2. vocal folds
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16
Q

What are the functions of the Larynx?

A
  1. voice/sound production
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17
Q

Vestibular folds, the glottis, and vocal folds are located in the ______ & help with __________.

A
  1. Laynrx; sound/voice production
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18
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A
  • windpipe→air flow to lungs
  • has tracheal rings: 15-20 c-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
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19
Q

What is the purpose for tracheal rings and where are they located?

A
  1. purpose: support trachea/prevent from collapsing
  2. trachea (15-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage)
20
Q

What muscle can narrow the diameter of trachea when contracting?

A

Trachealis muscle
- used during coughing (get rid of muscus/foreign objects)

21
Q

What is the function of bronchi?

A
  1. tubes for airflow→lungs
    - carina: sensitive cartilage
    →cough reflex
22
Q

What are the components to the Trachiobronchial Tree?

A
  1. trachea
  2. R. & L. main bronchus
  3. secondary/lobar bronchi
  4. tertiary/segmental bronchi
  5. bronchioles→ciliated
  6. terminal bronchioles→ciliated
  7. respiratory bronchioles
  8. alveolar ducts
  9. alveoli
  10. alveolar sacs
23
Q

Which occurs during an asthma attack; bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation

A
  1. bronchoconstriction
    - diameter decreases
    - resistance increases
    →albuterol: relaxes smooth muscle
24
Q

What is the function of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs?

A
  1. site of gas exchange
    - air & blood in-contact
25
Q

Is the right or left lung larger?

A

Right lung

26
Q

Does the R. or L. lung have three lobes?

A

Right lung (3 lobes)

27
Q

Does the R. or L. lung have two lobes?

A

Left lung (2 lobes)

28
Q

Blood that has picked up O2 is _______ blood.
a. deoxygenated
b. oxygenated

A

b. oxygenated

29
Q

Blood that has passed through tissues and released O2 is ________ blood.
a. deoxygenated
b. oxygenated

A

a. deoxygenated

30
Q

What are the two blood flow routes to the lungs?

A
  1. blood→alveoli
  2. blood→tissues in bronchial tree
31
Q

What is the route of deoxygenated blood flow to the alveoli?

A
  1. pulmonary arteries→pulmonary capillaries
    - blood oxygenated in capillaries
  2. pulmonary capillaries→pulmonary veins
  3. pulmonary veins→heart
32
Q

What is the flow of oxygenated blood to the alveoli?

A
  1. tissues of bronchi→respiratory bronchioles
  2. respiratory bronchioles→thoracic aorta
  3. thoracic aorta→bronchial arteries
  4. bronchial arteries→bronchial capillaries
  5. bronchial capillaries→O2 release
  6. deoxygenated blood in bronchi→little bit to heart w oxygenated blood
33
Q

Constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles

 a. Restricts the flow of air into the lungs
 b. Increases airflow out of lungs
 c. Does not affect airflow
 d. Decreased ciliary action
 e. Occurs during periods of exercise
A

a. restricts the flow of air into the lungs

34
Q

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because

 a. Large masses of air can pass through trachea
 b. It facilitates during turning of head
 c. Bronchi are also c-shaped
 d. Permits trachea to pinch shut prior to sneezing
 e. Large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing
A

e. large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing

35
Q

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

 a. Less than intrapulmonic pressure
 b. Less than pressure in atmosphere
 c. Greater than pressure in atmosphere
 d. Greater than intra alveolar pressure
 e. Equal to pressure in atmosphere
A

c. greater than pressure in atmosphere

36
Q

The epithelium NOT FOUND in respiratory system is

 a. Stratified squamous epithelium
 b. Simple squamous epithelium
 c. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
 d. Ciliated squamous epithelium
A

d. ciliated squamous epithelium

37
Q

Select all muscles that increase volume of thorax during forced inhalation?

 a. Diaphragm
 b. Internal intercostals
 c. Sternocleidomastoids
 d. External intercostals
 e. Rectus abdominis
A

a, c, d

38
Q

When inspiratory muscles contract

 a. The alveolar pressure increases
 b. Thoracic volume decreases
 c. Expiration occurs
 d. Intrapleural pressure increases
  e. Thoracic volume increases
A

e. Thoracic volume increases

39
Q

Select all answers true of alveoli

 a. Are ciliated
 b. Composed of simple squamous epithelium
 c. Surrounded by cartilage
  d. Made of type II pneumocytes
 e. Contain several layers of smooth muscle
  f. Contain goblet cells
A

b, d

40
Q

During quiet breathing

 a. Inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive
 b. Inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions
 c. Only the internal intercostal muscles contract
 d. Inspiration and expiration are both passive
 e. Inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions
A

a. Inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive

41
Q

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, humidified by the

 a. Alveoli
 b. Lungs
 c. Upper respiratory tract
 d. Bronchioles
A

c. Upper respiratory tract

42
Q

In which direction does carbon dioxide move during external respiration?

A

blood vessels to lungs

43
Q

What is the function of soft palate?

 a. Prevent food from entering the nasopharynx
 b. Cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
 c. Improve warming of air
 d. Help olfaction
 e. Prevent food from entering larynx
A

a. Prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

44
Q

Carbon dioxide exchange between blood and skeletal muscle can occur through the process of _______.

 a. Cellular respiration
 b. External respiration
 c. Internal respiration
 d. Pulmonary ventilation
 e. Breathing
A

c. Internal respiration

45
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology II (3 decks)

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