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Bio 122 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what happens if CO2 accumulates in the body?

A

pH falls, animal dies

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2
Q

process wherein O2 and CO2 are transferred passively from the environment across the body surface

A

diffusion

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3
Q

t or f: O2 reqs and CO2 production increase as a function of mass

A

T

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4
Q

gas exchange in rotifers

A

thru cilia

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5
Q

gas exchange in Paramecium

A

by diffusion

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6
Q

gas exchange in flatworm

A

by diffusion thru the skin

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7
Q

gas exchange in vertebrates

A

nostrils, lungs

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8
Q

components of gas-transfer system in many animals (4 steps)

A
  • breathing movements; continual supply of air and water
  • diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory epithelium
  • bulk transport of gases by blood
  • diffusion of O2 and CO2 across capillary walls bw blood and mitochondria in tissue cells
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9
Q

gives the characteristic color to blood

A

respiratory pigment

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10
Q

best known respiratory pigment

A

hemoglobin

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11
Q

color of hemoglobin

A

bright red when oxygenated, dark-maroon red when deoxygenated

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12
Q

components of hemoglobin

A

heme and globin; 4 subunits

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13
Q

respiratory pigment that stores O2 in vertebrate muscles

A

myoglobin

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14
Q

hemoglobin saturated w carbon monoxide

A

carboxyhemoglobin

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15
Q

t or f: CO has a lower affinity for hemoglobin than O2

A

f

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16
Q

respiratory pigments other than hemoglobin

A
  • hemerythrin
  • chlorocruorin
  • hemocyanin
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17
Q

all of the processes of gas movement and metabolism

A

respiration

18
Q

two distinct components of respiration

A

cellular and external

19
Q

where is cellular respiration carried out?

A

within the mitochondria

20
Q

explain cellular respiration

A

intercellular metabolic processes carried within the mitochondria; O2 is used and CO2 is produced

21
Q

explain external respiration

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 bw the environment and the cellular mitochondria

22
Q

four major steps in external respiration

A
  • ventilation
  • respiratory exchange
  • circulation
  • cellular exchange
23
Q

two methods for movement of gases in external respiration

A
  • bulk transport
  • exchange
24
Q

what is the process of exchange in external respiration gas movement

A

movement of gases via diffusion

25
Q

what is bulk transport in external respiration

A

uses a medium which contains the gases for gas movement

26
Q

bulk transport of external media across a gas exchange which arises from environmental movements, an animal’s locomotion, and/or breathing

A

ventilation

27
Q

it is the gas diffusion bw the environmental medium and internal body fluilds

A

respiratory exchange

28
Q

t or f: in respiratory exchange, the gases need protein carriers to be moved thru membranes

A

f; does not need protein carriers

29
Q

it is the bulk transport of the ECF

A

circulation

30
Q

it is the ultimate goal of respiration wherein gas diffusion is bw the outside (ECF) and the ICF

A

cellular exchange

31
Q

what is the ultimate goal of respiration?

A

gas exchange bw the cell’s immediate surroundings and its mitochondria aka cellular exchange

32
Q

tubes in vertebrates that carry air bw the atmosphere and the lung surfaces

A

respiratory airways

33
Q

the major inspiratory muscles

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

34
Q

what stimulates the diaphragm in breathing

A

phrenic nerve

35
Q

what happens to the muscles in expiration?

A

they relax

36
Q

t or f: normal expiration needs energy

A

f; it recoils only

37
Q

muscles involved in active expiration

A

abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

38
Q

explain the inspiration and expiration process

A
  • relaxed diaphragm before inspiration
  • diaphragm and external intercostals contract during inspiration thus rib cage expand
  • in expiration, muscles return to its relaxed state
39
Q

the extent to which O2 is bound to hemoglobin varies w what?

A

partial pressure of O2

40
Q

when is the tetrameric hemoglobin considered fully saturated?

A

when all Hb present is carrying its maximum O2 load of 4 O2s each

41
Q

it states that if the concentration of one of the substances involved in a reversible reaction is increased

A

law of mass action

42
Q
A

Bio 122 (1 decks)

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