Respiratory System Flashcards
What is gaseous exchange?
external respiration - the movement of oxygen into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide into the lungs
internal respiration - the release of oxygen to respiring cells for energy production and collection of waste products
what are alveoli?
clusters of tiny air sacs covered in a dense network of capillaries which together sere as the site for gaseous exchange
Describe the path of air through the respiratory system
air is drawn into the nasal cavity through the nose and travels down the pharynx, larynx and trachea. this divides into left and right bronchi as they enter the lung cavity. These subdivide into smaller bronchioles and end in alveolar ducts with a large surface area for gaseous exchange
Define breathing rate
the number of breaths per minute
Define tidal volume
the volume of air inspired or expired per breath
Define minute ventilation
the volume of air inspired or expired per minute
how do you calculate minute ventilation?
VE = TV x f
What is the average resting breathing rate?
12-15 breaths per minute
What is the average resting tidal volume?
500ml
What is the name of the tubes that branch off the trachea and go into each lung?
Bronchi
What are smaller tubes coming off the bronchi called?
Bronchioles
What term is given to the small sacs at the end of the bronchioles?
Alveoli
What is the correct order that air flows through the respiratory system?
Into the body through the Nasal and oral cavity Down the trachea Through the bronchi Then the bronchioles Into the alveoli
In what part of the respiratory system does gaseous exchange occur?
Alveoli
What is the role of the respiratory system?
To get oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out
Which 2 gases are involved in gaseous exchange?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is gaseous exchange?
The transfer of oxygen from the lungs into the blood, and movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs
Define the term ‘breathing rate’
The number of times you breathe in a minute
Define the term tidal volume
The amount of air you breathe in or out in a normal breath
Define the term
Minute ventilation
The volume of air you breathe in or out in a minute
What happens to your breathing rate during exercise?
It increases / gets faster
What happens to your minute ventilation during exercise
It increases
What does the term ‘aerobic’ mean?
Exercising with oxygen
What does the term ‘anaerobic’ mean?
Exercising without oxygen
Which term means ‘exercising without oxygen’?
Anaerobic
Which term means ‘exercising with oxygen’?
Aerobic
What builds up during anaerobic respiration that can cause muscle fatigue?
Lactic acidosis
What type of exercise would lead to a build up of lactic acid?
Anaerobic exercise (High intensity for short periods of time) e.g. jumping, sprinting)
How do your lungs adapt to regular training?
They get bigger
Give another word for inspiration
Inhalation
Breathing in
Give another word for breathing out
Expiration
Exhalation
Describe the process of inspiration
Your intercostal muscles contract
Moving your ribs up and out
Your diaphragm contracts and flattens
Creating more space inside your pleural cavity, which creates a lower pressure, so air can flow into your lungs
What happens during expiration?
The intercostal muscles relax
Moving the ribs down and in
The diaphragm relaxes and goes back up
This decreases the area inside the pleural cavity, increasing the pressure, forcing air out of the lungs
What happens to your intercostal muscles during inspiration?
The contract
What happens to your intercostal muscles during expiration
They relax
What happens to your ribs during inspiration?
They move up and out
What happens to your ribs during expiration?
They move down and in
What happens to your diaphragm during inspiration?
It contracts and flattens
What happens to your diaphragm during expiration?
It relaxes and goes back up
What happens to the pressure in your lungs during inspiration?
It decreases so air can rush in
What happens to the pressure in your lungs during expiration
It increases so air is forced out
Is running a marathon an aerobic or anaerobic exercise?
Aerobic
Is a 100m sprint and aerobic or anaerobic exercise?
Anaerobic
Is jumping for a rebound in basketball an aerobic or anaerobic exercise?
Anaerobic
What is the correct term for the voice box
Larynx
What is the correct term for the windpipe
Trachea
What is the correct term for the mouth?
Oral cavity
What is the correct term for the nose?
Nasal cavity
