respiratory system

Question 1

breathing

Answer 1

taking in oxygen

Question 2

respiration

Answer 2

taking the oxygen to our cells and replacing the lungs with co2 waste to exhale

Question 3

upper respiratory system
nasal cavity

Answer 3

• hair and mucus is the nose filtering system
• mucus keeps the nose moist
• continues into the pharynx (throat) /trachea/ esophagus

Question 4

lower respiratory system

Answer 4

1. lower and upper are separated by voice box (larynx)
2. ligaments vibrate vocal chords to make ur voice

Question 5

lower respiratory system
trachea

Answer 5

1. has cilia (small hairs) to cough up debris if needed
2. supported by cartilage rings

Question 6

lower respiratory system
bronchi

Answer 6

1. has cartilage rings
2. u have 2, one for each lung
3. branches off into smaller things called bronchioles
   eg. kinda like a tree, trachea like a trunk of a tree, bronchi are branches, bronchioles like twigs sticks

Question 7

lower respiratory system
alveoli

Answer 7

1. single cell layers
2. little air sacks at the end of bronchioles
3. where air exchange happens, from air to blood through diffusion (high to low), from bronchioles to capillaries
4. small for surface area

Question 8

lower respiratory system
air movement

Answer 8

boyle’s law: area decrease, pressure increase, visc versa
- when you inhale, less pressure inside, air moves in
- when you exhale, more pressure cuz ur lungs are smaller when u exhale

Question 9

diaphragm

Answer 9

• right under ur lungs
• creates pressure difference which is how air comes into ur lungs
• inspiration: inhale and chest gets bigger pressure goes down
• expiration: exhale pressure goes up chest lungs get smaller

Question 10

intercostal muscle

Answer 10

• the muscles between ur ribcage, this is why when u breathe, ur torso moves

Question 11

pleura of the lungs

Answer 11

• 2 thin layers
• protect lungs
• has fluid between the layers

Question 12

lung capacity

Answer 12

• expiratory reserve volume: extra air in ur lungs that u gotta force out
• vital capacity: total volume of air in ur lungs that can move in and out
• residual volume: the air in ur lungs that cannot leave even if u force

Question 13

avogadros hypothesis

Answer 13

volume of gas is equal to the number of molecules when it has the same temp and pressure

Question 14

daltons partial pressures

Answer 14

gases in a mixture act like they would do independently

Question 15

oxygen transport

Answer 15

• oxygen moves from the air into alveoli and then into blood
• we don’t get enough just from breathing, so hemoglobins

Question 16

hemoglobin

Answer 16

iron

Question 17

regulation of breathing

Answer 17

• the medulla oblongata controls breathing rates
• chemoreceptors in ur medulla detect changes in co2 and acid levels in the blood
• these receptors are very sensitive and are the main regulators of breathing
• but o2 receptors are found in carotid and aorta

Question 18

carbon dioxide control
negative feedback

Answer 18

1. co2 dissolves in blood
2. acid levels increase cuz we make carbonic acid
3. chemoreceptors get triggered
4. medulla oblongata sends a message to ur diaphragm and intercostal muscles
5. increased breathing