Respiratory system Flashcards
What determines blood acidity
CO2 via hydrogen ion
Where does smell occur first?
olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity
what are the 4 steps of respiration (simple)
- Pulm ventilation
- External respiration
- transport of gases
- Internal respiration
During external respiration, what is unloading and what is loading
O2 is loading from alveoli to blood
CO2 is unloading from blood to alveoli
During internal respiration, what’s unloading and loading
O2 is unloading from blood to cells
CO2 is loading from cells to blood
Three parts of Pharynx (top to bottom)
Nasopharynx, Orapharynx, Laryngopharynx
Section of Bronchus
-primary
-secondary
-segmental/tertiary
-bronchiole
2 zones of the respiratory system and their composition
- Respiratory zone: respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, and alveoli
- Conducting zone: nose to the terminal bronchiole
Surfactant
function: reduces water tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing
where: inside alveolar cavity along wall
Types of alveolar cells
Type 1: allows O2 and CO2 exchange, thin epithelial cells
Type 2: secretes surfactant
What occurs during inspiration
-IC and diaphragm contract
-Chest wall expands, stretching outer wall of pleural cavity
-Intrapleural pressure decreases and volume increases
-Lungs expand causing intrapulm volume to increase and pressure to decrease
-air flows in
What occurs during expiration
-IC muscles and diaphragm relax
-chest wall depresses, pushing on the outer wall of pleural cavity
-intrapleural volume decreases while pressure increases
-Lungs recoil=intrapulm volume decreases and pressure increases
-air flows in
What is a pneumothorax?
Hole in diaphragm, air gets into pleural cavity
Treatments for pneumothorax
-observation
-needle/chest tube to get air into lung
-surgery
What is Vital compacity
total amount of exchangeable air
What is residual volume
amount of air remaining in lungs after max expiration
How to find Total Lung Capacity
Residual Volume (RV)+Vital Compacity (VC)
Minute ventilation=
Respiratory rate x Tidal Volume
Increase in ventilation causes what changes to partial pressure
Increase in P O2
Decrease in P CO2
Decrease in ventilation causes what changes to partial pressure
Decrease in P O2
Increases in P CO2
