respiratory system

Question 1

define: respiration

Answer 1

the process of supplying the body with O2 and disposing of CO2

Question 2

what are the ways oxygen can be transported?

Answer 2

97% is carried within haemoglobin in the red blood cells as oxyhaemoglobin

3% is within blood plasma

Question 3

what are the ways carbon dioxide can be transported?

Answer 3

70% is dissolved in water

23% is carried within haemoglobin

3% dissolved in blood plasma

Question 4

describe inspiration at rest

Answer 4

diaphragm contracts

ribs move up and out

volume of thoracic cavity increases

air pressure decreases

air rushes in

Question 5

describe expiration at rest

Answer 5

diaphragm relaxes

ribs move down and in

volume of thoracic cavity decreased

air pressure increases air rushes out

Question 6

describe inspiration during exercise

Answer 6

diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles contract WITH MORE FORCE

sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor cause a GREATER upwards and outwards movement of the ribcage and sternum

GREATER increase in the volume of chest cavity

so pressure will be even lower

forcing more air in

Question 7

describe expiration during exercise

Answer 7

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax

internal intercostal muscles and rectus abdominis contract to pull the ribcage and sternum down and in

Question 8

what is the shift to the right caused by?

Answer 8

• increased blood and muscle temp
• decrease in pO2 in muscles, caused by muscles using more O2
• increase in pCO2, because it is a by-product of using energy
• the bohr effect, the increase in acidity in the muscle is caused by the increased lactic acid in muscles

Question 9

what does the oxygen-haemoglobin graph show?

Answer 9

how much oxygen haemoglobin is carrying

Question 10

what happens at the RCC?

Answer 10

• receptors tell the rcc that the body is exercising

> chemoreceptors detect changes in PH of the blood
proprioreceptors detect movement
thermoreceptors detect that blood temp has increased
baroreceptors detect lung inflation

• inspiratory centre in the RCC tells the diapnhragm and external intercostal muscles to contract with more force and sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor to contract to increase depth of breathing
• baroreceptors in the lungs stop the inspiratory centre to prevent lungs from becoming over-inflated and stimulate the expiratory centre
• the expiratory centre then tells the the internal intercostal muscles and rectus abdominis to contract to increase breathing rate.