Respiratory System Flashcards
def: filters, moistens and warms air
nose
def: throat, passage for food and air, dust and mucus are swept back by cilia
pharynx
def: voice box, if non-gas enters the cough reflex activates
larynx
def: epiglottis covers it during swallowing, contains C-shaped ringed cartilage covered by cilia and mucus cells
trachea
two _________ enter the lungs and branch into narrower ________
bronchi, bronchioles
def: small sacs at end of bronchioles surrounded by blood-carrying capillaries, where gas exchange between the circulatory system and lungs occurs via diffusion
alveoli
what are the 4 steps of inhalation?
- diaphragm moves down (contracts)
- volume in lungs increases
- pressure inside of the lungs decreases
- air flows in
what are the 4 steps of exhalation?
- diaphragm rises (relaxes)
- volume in lungs decreases
- pressure inside the lungs increases
- air rushes out
which is more soluble in blood? CO2 or O2?
CO2
how is most CO2 in blood transported?
as bicarbonate in plasma
what converts CO2 into HCO3-?
carbonic anhydrase
def: smaller, 2 lobes
left lung
def: larger, 3 lobes
right lung
def: membranous cover with 2 layers
pleurae
def: lines lung surface
visceral pleura
def: lines inside of chest cavity
parietal pleura
def: between the 2 pleural layers
intrapleural space
def: lower border of thoracic cavity
diaphragm
def: aid in breathing
intercostal muscles
def: secrete mucous
goblet cells
def: produce new cells
basal cells
def: sweep debris trapped by mucus
cilia cells
def: occurs as water outside the fish and blood inside the fish slowly pass each other giving max diffusion of O2 into the blood and CO2 into water
countercurrent exchange
def: respiratory control centre of the brain
medulla oblongata
how does the medulla oblongata get stimulated?
the partial pressure of CO2 increases, and the diaphragm singled to contract and inflate the lungs
def: indirectly monitor [H+] in the CSF
central chemoreceptors in the medulla
def: function to monitor the atrial concentrations of CO2, O2 and pH via H+
peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid arteries and aorta
def: main buffer molecule in blood, buffering maintains a certain pH to function under physiological ideals
bicarbonate
def: protein structure with 4 polypeptide subunits complexed around an Fe atom, similar to chlorophyll with Mg
hemoglobin
def: shift on oxygen dissociation curve results in oxygen being held more tightly by hemoglobin
left shift
def: shift on oxygen dissociation curve that involves physiological states where tissues need more oxygen
right shift
