Respiratory System

Question 1

It is the process of breathing and movement of gas in and out of the lungs

Answer 1

Ventilation

Question 2

Ventilation with distribution and exchange of gases

Answer 2

Respiration

Question 3

It is the exchange of gases in the bloodstream

Answer 3

External Respiration

Question 4

Exchange of gases between blood and tissue

Answer 4

Internal Respiration

Question 5

The respiratory System ____ and ______ air before it enters the _____.

Answer 5

cleans, moistens, lungs

Question 6

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Ventilation
Respiration
Clean and moistens inhaled air for lungs
Olfaction
Provides air for phonation
Maintain pH balance of the body

Question 7

What is the path of air?

Answer 7

nares -> nasal vestibules -> nasal cavity -> choanae -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea

Question 8

Non-haired part consisting of tough keratinized squamous epithelium

Answer 8

Nasal planum

Question 9

Opening of the nose inferior to the nasal planum.
Serves as the entry and exit point of air

Answer 9

Nostrils/External nares

Question 10

Cartilaginous structure between the external nares

Answer 10

Philtrum

Question 11

Composed of squamous epithelial tissues.
Most rostral part of the nasal cavity
Provides moisture to the air that enters

Answer 11

Nasal vestibule

Question 12

Divides the nasal cavity

Answer 12

Nasal bone

Question 13

Smaller bones projecting laterally in the nasal cavity. Filters out dust. Warms and humidify air

Answer 13

Nasal turbinate bones

Question 14

Divided in three regions— frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary

Answer 14

Sinuses

Question 15

what are the three sinuses? Function?

Answer 15

frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary. Moistens air before it enters the lower respiratory tract

Question 16

Passageway of air that connect the nasal cavity with the nasopharynx

Answer 16

Nasal choanae

Question 17

Extends from a line through the posterior edge of the hard palate to a line through the posterior boundary of the larynx

Answer 17

Pharynx

Question 18

Three regions of the pharynx

Answer 18

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 19

Region of the pharynx posterior to nasal cavity, dorsal to the soft palate; exclusively respiratory

Answer 19

Nasopharynx

Question 20

Region of the pharynx separated with nasopharynx by the soft palate,
ventral to the soft palate; exclusively digestive

Answer 20

Oropharynx

Question 21

Region of the pharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the nasopharynx. Papunta sa windpipe at voicebox

Answer 21

Laryngopharynx

Question 22

Passageway of air, food, and water

Answer 22

Pharynx

Question 23

Passageway of air, food, and water

Answer 23

Pharynx

Question 24

A cartilaginous structure that is superior to the trachea

Answer 24

Epiglottis

Question 25

The epiglottis flaps open to allow entry of air to the _____

Answer 25

lower respiratory tract

Question 26

The epiglottis flaps close during______ to direct food to the ________ and prevent it from going to the ________.

Answer 26

swallowing, esophagus, trachea

Question 27

● Chamber with cartilaginous walls ● Posterior to the body of the hyoid ● aka voice box

Answer 27

Larynx

Question 28

Houses the vocal cord, Produces sound or voice, Enables humans to speak

Answer 28

Larynx

Question 29

Narrow bar of bone on the external surface of the base of the tongue. Derived from the second and third gill arches in mammals

Answer 29

Hyoid

Question 30

Function of hyoid

Answer 30

Supports base of tongue, Serves as the origin and insertion of muscles

Question 31

Long and slender process that consists of a chain of four bony pieces (last piece articulates with the tympanic bulla)

Answer 31

Anterior horn of the hyoid

Question 32

Part of the upper respiratory tract that serves as the attachment site for neck muscles

Answer 32

Anterior horn of the hyoid

Question 33

Short process united with the larynx. Attachment site for neck ligaments

Answer 33

Posterior horn of the hyoid

Question 34

Opening into the larynx that allows for passage of air into the trachea and lungs

Answer 34

Glottis

Question 35

Leaf-shaped projection from the ventral margin of the glottis. Flap of cartilage above the glottis. Seals off the trachea during food ingestion to prevent food from entering the lungs

Answer 35

Epiglottis

Question 36

Protects and supports the vocal cords Large, shield-shaped cartilage supporting the ventral wall of the larynx Constitutes the projection in the throat known as the Adam’s apple Protects and supports the vocal cords

Answer 36

Thyroid cartilage

Question 37

Attachment site for muscles, cartilages, and ligaments involved in opening and closing the airway and in producing speech

Answer 37

Cricoid Cartilage

Question 38

Cartilage posterior to the thyroid cartilage and at the level of the C6 vertebra

Answer 38

Cricoid Cartilage

Question 39

Forms a ring around the larynx. Its broader dorsal side forms the dorsal wall of the larynx.

Answer 39

Cricoid Cartilage

Question 40

Triangular-shaped cartilages that supports the dorsal rim of the glottis between the glottis and the opening to the esophagus.

Answer 40

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 41

Attachment site of vocal cords / vocal folds Allows and aids in the movement of the vocal cords

Answer 41

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 42

Folds extending from the arytenoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage. Responsible for phonation or the production of sound

Answer 42

True vocal cords

Question 43

Lateral to the true vocal cords and extend from the tips of the arytenoids to the base of the epiglottis aka ventricular or vestibular folds Can amplify and add additional resonance / texture

Answer 43

False vocal cords

Question 44

Aid in closing off the larynx when food is swallowed, Not involved in phonation

Answer 44

False vocal cords

Question 45

Tube proceeding posteriorly from the larynx, Stiffened by cartilaginous tracheal rings that are dorsally incomplete

Answer 45

Trachea

Question 46

Also known as the windpipe. May be ciliated and lined with mucus to expel foreign bodies (mucociliary escalator)

Answer 46

Trachea

Question 47

The trachea connects the _______ and _______ to the lungs.

Answer 47

pharynx, larynx

Question 48

The trachea allows the passage of _____ into the _______?

Answer 48

air, lungs

Question 49

A lymphatic gland which is lateral to the ventral cervical artery and is located between the lungs, posterior to the sternum

Answer 49

Thymus

Question 50

Responsible for the production and maturation of immune cells, particularly T-lymphocytes, that play a key role in central defense against viruses and infections.

Answer 50

Thymus

Question 51

It also secreted thymosin, a hormone that stimulates maturation of lymphocytes in other lymphatic organs. It decreases in size as organisms grow older (thymic involution).

Answer 51

Thymus

Question 52

Decrease in size as organisms grow older

Answer 52

thymic involution

Question 53

A dorsally directed fold of the mediastinal septum that supports the postcaval vein. Moisten the air before it enters the lower respiratory tract

Answer 53

Caval fold (of the mediastinal septum)

Question 54

Large vein, enclosed in the free dorsal margin of the caval fold, ascends from the liver to the heart. Carries blood from lower body parts to the right auricle

Answer 54

Postcaval vein

Question 55

Very large vessel posterior to the digestive tract. Passes the diaphragm and found against the dorsal wall in the median dorsal line

Answer 55

Dorsal Aorta

Question 56

Transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunks and limbs

Answer 56

Dorsal Aorta

Question 57

Motor nerves of the diaphragm. Originate from the cervical nerves. Motor nerves of the diaphragm

Answer 57

Phrenic nerves

Question 58

A muscular dome-shaped partition which separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Takes origin from the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae, and is inserted on the central tendon

Answer 58

Diaphragm

Question 59

Contracts during normal inspiration Increases the vertical space in the thoracic cavity Relaxes during expiration Reduces the volume of thoracic cavity

Answer 59

Diaphragm