Respiratory System Flashcards
Function of the respiratory system
Delivering oxygen to cells whist ridding CO2 from body
pH balance
Controlling body temperature
Shaping air flow for speech
Conducting
Conducting: Moves air into and out of the lungs
No gas exchange
Filter, warm and humidify air
Respiratory: Moves the respiratory gases in and out of the blood
Site of gas exchange
Nasal and Oral cavity
-bring in air to be filtered, warmed, moistened
-cilia protect nasal passageways and filter out dust and other particles
Pharynx
Location of 2 airway passages meeting
-caries both food and air
-digestion and respiration
-leads to oesophagus and trachea (via larynx)
Larynx
- voice box, where vocal cords are located
-lined with cilia
-leads to trachea
Trachea
-wind pipe
-cartilage ring
-lined with cilia to sweep tiny particles out of airways preventing them from entering the lungs.
Primary Bronchus
-left and right bronchus; enables fresh air to reach alveoli
-each enters the respective side of the lung
-divides into smaller branches called bronchioles
-bronchioles end in alveoli surrounded by capillaries where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs
Diaphragm
-helps to create a pressure enabling air to enter and exit the respiratory system
Conducting Zone
nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus
moves air into and out of the lungs
Respiratory Zones
Consists of Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs (clusters of alveoli)
~300 million alveoli account for most of the lung’s volume
Main site for gas exchange - Moves respiratory gases in and out of the blood
Cup shaped pouch
Upper respiratory system components
nose, mouth and pharynx
Lower respiratory system
larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli
Respiratory membrane
for the seamless transition of O2 and CO2 particles across it’s surface.
It is LARGE because the increase in surface area allows for an increase in gas exchange to occur. It is SMOOTH and THIN for more efficient exchange of gasses as gas can transport through relatively short distances.
Functions of cells in the respiratory system
Type 1 Alveolar cells (Thin/broad squamous)
Type 2 Alveolar cells (Round/cuboidal/ grape like)
Alveolar macrophages
Type 1 Alveolar cells
-thin walls of these cells allow for rapid gas diffusion between the air and blood
-95% if surface area of alveoli