respiratory system Flashcards
what is breathing
the movement that causes air to be moved into and out of the lungs
what is cellular respiration used for
used as fuel for all the organism’s metabolic activities
what is cellular respiration
the process by which energy is released from nutrients
it occurs in the mitochondria of cells
what is respiration
the process by which energy is released from,by all living organisms
gaseous exchange
process by which oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood through a gaseous exchange surface
characteristics of gaseous exhange
permeable membrane
good blood supply(next to/by or in close proximity to its surface)
large surface area
thin walls(one cell wall)
formula for respiration
glucose + oxygen to energy +carbon dioxide +water
formula for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide+water to oxygen +glucose
inhalation
intercoastal muscles contract
-diaphragm muscles contract
- the diaphragm flattens (which increases the width and depth of the chest cavity)
exhalation
-intercoastal muscles relax
-ribcage moved inward and downward (compressing the lungs )
diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards
-air leave lungs through muscles
-volume decreases+ear pressure increases
why breathing and gaseous exchange are essential
they ensure humans have a continual supply of oxygen to meet the demands of aerobic respiration
adaptations of gaseous exchange
-large surface area so that large quantities can be exchanged
-very thin walls so that gases can diffuse through rapidly
-moist so that gases can dissolve before they diffuse through the surface
types of respiration
aerobic and anaerobic
what is aerobic respiration
the oxidization of glucose to form carbon dioxide ,water and energy. A large amount of energy is produced .The formula for aerobic respiration is glucose+oxygen to carbon dioxide +water+energy
what is energy used for
energy is used to convert adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate
what is atp used for
-for cell division
-for cell growth and repair
-for special functions in specialized cells
-to manufacture complex, biologically important molecules
industrial uses of anaerobic respiration
-beer,wine,spirits(produced by alcoholic fermentation by yeast)
-baking industry uses co2 produced to make dough rise in bread
what is anaerobic respiration
production of little to no energy since food is only partially oxidized in animals, sugar is converted to lactic acid and energy while in yeast sugar is converted to ethanol + carbon dioxide and energy. There is a small amount of energy produced.
role of adenosine triphosphate
the energy currency of the cell
ATP molecules release one phosphate when it needs to spend energy to accomplish a task becoming atp + phosphate
what happens when the cell has extra energy
energy is stored by reattaching a free phosphate molecule to adp turning it back to atp
ATP made by ADP+phosphate + energy
what is the new formed atp used for
used to make more atp
adp+p+energy from respiration makes atp
what is oxygen debt
oxygen required to convert the lactic acid back to glucose so that it can be broken down completely in aerobic respiration
what is the human respiratory system
consists of a pair of lungs and associated tubes which connects the lungs to the external environment via the pharynx at the back of the buccal cavity
characteristics of the lungs
-lined outside cavity with two pleural membranes separated by pleural fluid
-opening in pharynx is the trachea which branches into two bronchi
-bronchi branches out into two bronchioles
-bronchioles end in branches of tiny walled sacs called alveoli
