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HSB respiratory system > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is breathing

A

the movement that causes air to be moved into and out of the lungs

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2
Q

what is cellular respiration used for

A

used as fuel for all the organism’s metabolic activities

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3
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

the process by which energy is released from nutrients
it occurs in the mitochondria of cells

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4
Q

what is respiration

A

the process by which energy is released from,by all living organisms

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5
Q

gaseous exchange

A

process by which oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood through a gaseous exchange surface

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6
Q

characteristics of gaseous exhange

A

permeable membrane
good blood supply(next to/by or in close proximity to its surface)
large surface area
thin walls(one cell wall)

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7
Q

formula for respiration

A

glucose + oxygen to energy +carbon dioxide +water

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8
Q

formula for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide+water to oxygen +glucose

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9
Q

inhalation

A

intercoastal muscles contract
-diaphragm muscles contract
- the diaphragm flattens (which increases the width and depth of the chest cavity)

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10
Q

exhalation

A

-intercoastal muscles relax
-ribcage moved inward and downward (compressing the lungs )
diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards
-air leave lungs through muscles
-volume decreases+ear pressure increases

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11
Q

why breathing and gaseous exchange are essential

A

they ensure humans have a continual supply of oxygen to meet the demands of aerobic respiration

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12
Q

adaptations of gaseous exchange

A

-large surface area so that large quantities can be exchanged
-very thin walls so that gases can diffuse through rapidly
-moist so that gases can dissolve before they diffuse through the surface

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13
Q

types of respiration

A

aerobic and anaerobic

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14
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A

the oxidization of glucose to form carbon dioxide ,water and energy. A large amount of energy is produced .The formula for aerobic respiration is glucose+oxygen to carbon dioxide +water+energy

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15
Q

what is energy used for

A

energy is used to convert adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate

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16
Q

what is atp used for

A

-for cell division
-for cell growth and repair
-for special functions in specialized cells
-to manufacture complex, biologically important molecules

17
Q

industrial uses of anaerobic respiration

A

-beer,wine,spirits(produced by alcoholic fermentation by yeast)
-baking industry uses co2 produced to make dough rise in bread

18
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

production of little to no energy since food is only partially oxidized in animals, sugar is converted to lactic acid and energy while in yeast sugar is converted to ethanol + carbon dioxide and energy. There is a small amount of energy produced.

19
Q

role of adenosine triphosphate

A

the energy currency of the cell
ATP molecules release one phosphate when it needs to spend energy to accomplish a task becoming atp + phosphate

20
Q

what happens when the cell has extra energy

A

energy is stored by reattaching a free phosphate molecule to adp turning it back to atp

ATP made by ADP+phosphate + energy

21
Q

what is the new formed atp used for

A

used to make more atp
adp+p+energy from respiration makes atp

22
Q

what is oxygen debt

A

oxygen required to convert the lactic acid back to glucose so that it can be broken down completely in aerobic respiration

23
Q

what is the human respiratory system

A

consists of a pair of lungs and associated tubes which connects the lungs to the external environment via the pharynx at the back of the buccal cavity

24
Q

characteristics of the lungs

A

-lined outside cavity with two pleural membranes separated by pleural fluid
-opening in pharynx is the trachea which branches into two bronchi
-bronchi branches out into two bronchioles
-bronchioles end in branches of tiny walled sacs called alveoli

25
Q

characteristics of the alveolus

A

-has a pocket shape
-surrounded by many small capillaries giving it a rich blood supply
-is lined with moisture
-very thin wall,one cell layer thick

26
Q

what happened when the alveolus is filled with air

A

it enlargens and becomes rounded in shape

27
Q

when air leaves the lungs

A

becomes less rounded but never fully collapses

28
Q

structure of lungs

A

a collection of air sacs held together by a membrane sealed within the cavity formed by the ribs, intercoastal muscles, sternum and diaphragm

29
Q

diaphragm

A

dome-shaped sheet of muscle which stretches across the floor of the thorax

30
Q

role of blood

A

-to absorb oxygen from blood and transport it to cells through out the body
-removes carbon dioxide

HSB respiratory system (1 decks)

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