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basic medical science > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Respiratory system

A

System consisting of the lungs and breathing passages involved in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the outside air and the blood

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2
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea

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3
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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4
Q

Nostrils

A

Openings in the nose through which air enters the nasal cavity. lined with hairs called cilia.

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5
Q

Cilia

A

thin hair in the nose that is covered in mucus and acts as a natural filter

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6
Q

Sinus

A

A cavity within the skull bones

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7
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Are a group of four air filled cavities lined with mucous membranes

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

commonly known as the throat. its a passageway between the mouth and esophagus. and is broken into three distinct sections

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9
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Upper portion of the pharynx. posterior to the nasal cavity

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10
Q

Oropharynx

A

middle portion of the pharynx. located behind the mouth

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11
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Lowest portion of the pharynx, opening into the larynx and esophagus

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12
Q

Larynx

A

commonly known as the voice box this connects the pharynx and trachea

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13
Q

Vocal folds

A

Known as vocal cords, these are folds of mucous membrane used in producing speech and located centrally in the superior larynx

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14
Q

Glottis

A

The space between your vocal cords

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15
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing. prevents food from going down the wrong pipe

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16
Q

Lower respiratory system

A

Comprised of the trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles , and alveoli

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17
Q

Trachea

A

Commonly referred to as the windpipe, this conducts air between the larynx and lungs. the trachea is a framework of separate cartilage rings in the shape of a horseshoe.

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18
Q

Lungs

A

Two large organs through which gas is exchanged between the blood and environment Right lung had 3 lobes and Left lung has 2 lobes

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19
Q

Bronchi

A

Large air passage ways in the lungs

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20
Q

Bronchioles

A

they carry air to the alveoli

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21
Q

Alveoli

A

Clusters of air sacs where the gas exchange takes place in the lungs between the outside air and the blood

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22
Q

Surfactant

A

Substance in the alveoli that prevents their collapse by reducing surface tension of the fluid lining them.

23
Q

pleura

A

Continuous serous membrane doubled sac that covers each lung

24
Q

Pleural space

A

space between the two layers of the pleura containing a thin film of fluid

25
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped muscle used to breathe, located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities

26
Q

Ventilation

A

the movement of air into and out of the lungs, its a two step process

27
Q

Inhalation/ inspiration

A

breathing in

28
Q

Exhalation/ expiration

A

breathing out

29
Q

Respiration

A

The process of taking oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide for cell metabolism

30
Q

External respiration

A

the process of breathing

31
Q

internal respiration

A

the process of the exchange of gases between the blood and body cells.

32
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air moved into and out of the lungs in during normal breathing

33
Q

Residual volume

A

the volume of air that remains in the lungs after exhaling

34
Q

Vital capacity

A

The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by maximum exhalation after maximum inhalation

35
Q

Upper respiratory infection

A

any infection to the nose, larynx, pharynx.

36
Q

Bronchitits

A

Inflammation of the bronchi often due to smoking

37
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation to the lungs in which the air spaces become filled with fluids can be bacterial or viral

38
Q

Asthma

A

a condition where a person’s airway becomes inflamed, narrow, and swell, and produce extra mucus.

39
Q

emphysema

A

enlargement and damage of the alveoli. The alveoli burst and fuse into enlarged air spaces. the surface area for gas exchange is reduced

40
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

This term is used to describe several associated lung disorders.

41
Q

Influenza

A

The flu. An acute contagious disease causing inflammation in the URT. it is viral and can spread into the LRT

42
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious respiratory infection where bacteria grows inside the lung

43
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura and usually accompanies a lung infection

44
Q

Pneumothorax

A

An accumulation of air in the plural space caused by an injury to the chest wall or rupture of the lungs air spaces.

45
Q

Lung cancer

A

Cancer in the lungs most prevalent in smokers and those exposed to certain chemicals

46
Q

Hyperpnea

A

increase in the depth and rate of breathing to meet body’s metabolic needs.

47
Q

Hypopnea

A

decrease in the rate and depth of breathing

48
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid rate of breathing

49
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing. occurs during deep sleep

50
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

51
Q

Orthopnea

A

difficulty in breathing that is relieved by sitting in upright position

52
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

deep, rapid respirations with forced, pursed lip exhalations. typically seen in uncontrolled diabetics

53
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish color of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

54
Q

hypoxia

A

Decreased level of oxygenation to the body’s tissues

basic medical science (1 decks)

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