Respiratory System Flashcards
Name the parts of the conducting part of the respiratory system
Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles up to the terminal bronchioles
Functions of the conducting part of the respiratory system
Olfaction, Phonation, Warm, moisten, and filter air
What structures are included in the respiratory part of the respiratory system?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveoli
Name the 2 functions of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system
1) gaseous exchange
2) surfactant production
Which cells produce surfactant
Great alveolar & Clara
List all 6 structures and their locations that keep the airways patent
1) Nasal cavity: bone
2) Trachea: cartilage rings
3) Bronchi: cartilage plaques/musculoelastic tissue
4) Bronchiole: NO CARTILAGE; musculoelasrtic tissue
5) Alveolar duct: musculoelastic tissue
6) NO SMOOTH M.; fibroelastic tissue
3 parts of nasal cavity and their functions
1) Vestibular
2) Respiratory: cleaning, humidification, heating/cooling of air
3) Olfactory: olfaction
List layers of blood-air barrier from alveoli to blood
1) Surfactant
2) Type I cell cytoplasm
3) Fused basal lamina of Type I cell and endothelial cells
4) Endothelial cytoplasm
5) Blood plasma
What is meant by “heart failure cells” and what causes an increase in their appearance
Increased number of alveolar macrophages; seen in patients in congestive heart failure
What causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Lack of Type II cell differentiation causes insufficient surfactant prod.
(Shorter gestation pd=higher surfactant deficiency)
List the 2 treatments for respiratory distress syndrome
1) corticosteroids
2) lavage from mature lung
Which artery is used for functional lung blood supply, what is the oxygen/pressure, and what do its capillaries supply?
1) Pulmonary a.
2) low oxygen & low pressure
3) breaks into capillaries @ respiratory bronchioles
Which artery is used for nutritional lung blood supply, what is the oxygen/pressure, and what do its capillaries supply?
1) bronchial a.
2) high oxygen & high pressure
3) capillaries supply entire lung
Describe the epithelium from the beginning of the vestibular portion of the nasal cavity to the end
Beginning is keratinized, then it becomes non-keratinized, then turns into typical respiratory epithelium at the end
What glands and cartilage are featured in the vestibular portion of the nasal cavity
Sebaceous and sweat glands; Alar cartilage
What type of epithelium is in the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity?
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with Goblet cells
Describe the lamina propria of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity
Serous glands, large venous plexus, supported by bone (turbinate)
Where is the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity located
Distal end of the dorsal concha
What cells do the pseudostratified epithelium of the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity contain?
1) Olfactory
2) Supporting
3) Basal
Describe the lamina propria of the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity
Many veins, olfactory nerve fibers, bowman’s glands
Olfactory cells are bipolar with ___________ that give rise to _________
1) apical olfactory vesicles
2) olfactory hairs
T or F: Olfactory hairs are made up of non-motile cilia
True; distal 2/3 of cilia have 9 peripheral single microtubules
Function of Bowman’s glands
Prod. a watery secretion that dissolves odorous substances and is then detected by olfactory cilia
Desribe the lamina propria of the naasopharynx
Mucous and serous glands; lymphoid tissue
Describe the epithelium and lamina propria of the larynx
1) stratified squamous non-keratinized to pseudostratified
2) lamina propria has glands and is supported by cartilage and muscles
