Respiratory System

Question 1

Name the parts of the conducting part of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles up to the terminal bronchioles

Question 2

Functions of the conducting part of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Olfaction, Phonation, Warm, moisten, and filter air

Question 3

What structures are included in the respiratory part of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveoli

Question 4

Name the 2 functions of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system

Answer 4

1) gaseous exchange

2) surfactant production

Question 5

Which cells produce surfactant

Answer 5

Great alveolar & Clara

Question 6

List all 6 structures and their locations that keep the airways patent

Answer 6

1) Nasal cavity: bone
2) Trachea: cartilage rings
3) Bronchi: cartilage plaques/musculoelastic tissue
4) Bronchiole: NO CARTILAGE; musculoelasrtic tissue
5) Alveolar duct: musculoelastic tissue
6) NO SMOOTH M.; fibroelastic tissue

Question 7

3 parts of nasal cavity and their functions

Answer 7

1) Vestibular
2) Respiratory: cleaning, humidification, heating/cooling of air
3) Olfactory: olfaction

Question 8

List layers of blood-air barrier from alveoli to blood

Answer 8

1) Surfactant
2) Type I cell cytoplasm
3) Fused basal lamina of Type I cell and endothelial cells
4) Endothelial cytoplasm
5) Blood plasma

Question 9

What is meant by “heart failure cells” and what causes an increase in their appearance

Answer 9

Increased number of alveolar macrophages; seen in patients in congestive heart failure

Question 10

What causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 10

Lack of Type II cell differentiation causes insufficient surfactant prod.
(Shorter gestation pd=higher surfactant deficiency)

Question 11

List the 2 treatments for respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 11

1) corticosteroids
2) lavage from mature lung

Question 12

Which artery is used for functional lung blood supply, what is the oxygen/pressure, and what do its capillaries supply?

Answer 12

1) Pulmonary a.

2) low oxygen & low pressure

3) breaks into capillaries @ respiratory bronchioles

Question 13

Which artery is used for nutritional lung blood supply, what is the oxygen/pressure, and what do its capillaries supply?

Answer 13

1) bronchial a.

2) high oxygen & high pressure

3) capillaries supply entire lung

Question 14

Describe the epithelium from the beginning of the vestibular portion of the nasal cavity to the end

Answer 14

Beginning is keratinized, then it becomes non-keratinized, then turns into typical respiratory epithelium at the end

Question 15

What glands and cartilage are featured in the vestibular portion of the nasal cavity

Answer 15

Sebaceous and sweat glands; Alar cartilage

Question 16

What type of epithelium is in the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with Goblet cells

Question 17

Describe the lamina propria of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity

Answer 17

Serous glands, large venous plexus, supported by bone (turbinate)

Question 18

Where is the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity located

Answer 18

Distal end of the dorsal concha

Question 19

What cells do the pseudostratified epithelium of the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity contain?

Answer 19

1) Olfactory

2) Supporting

3) Basal

Question 20

Describe the lamina propria of the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity

Answer 20

Many veins, olfactory nerve fibers, bowman’s glands

Question 21

Olfactory cells are bipolar with ___________ that give rise to _________

Answer 21

1) apical olfactory vesicles

2) olfactory hairs

Question 22

T or F: Olfactory hairs are made up of non-motile cilia

Answer 22

True; distal 2/3 of cilia have 9 peripheral single microtubules

Question 23

Function of Bowman’s glands

Answer 23

Prod. a watery secretion that dissolves odorous substances and is then detected by olfactory cilia

Question 24

Desribe the lamina propria of the naasopharynx

Answer 24

Mucous and serous glands; lymphoid tissue

Question 25

Describe the epithelium and lamina propria of the larynx

Answer 25

1) stratified squamous non-keratinized to pseudostratified

2) lamina propria has glands and is supported by cartilage and muscles