Respiratory System

Question 1

Inhaled Tocix Agents
A.Sodium Hypochlorite
B. Polytetrafluoroethylene
C. Carbon monoxid, Carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide
-which substances are associated with these?

Answer 1

A. gases produced by undiluted 5 % chlorine bleach
B. Teflon
C. Smoke Inhalation
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Question 2

Polytetrafluorethylene toxicity?
Toxic gases are released above what temperature?
180°C 200°C, 280°C, 300°C
Pathology?

Answer 2

above 280°C
pulmonary edema, necrosis and hemorrhage
sudden death
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Question 3

Treatment after Inhalation Toxicity ?

Answer 3

transfer to well ventilated area & supportive care (oxygen therapy, nebulizaion, bronchodilators, analgesics, antiinflammatory drugs, diuretics, antimicrobials to prevent sec infection
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Question 4

Avipoxvirus
A. Biology of the Virus?
B. Clinical Signs in Association with the Resp. tract ?
C. Diagnosis?
D. Treatment/Prevention?

Answer 4

A. enveloped DNA virus
B. Resp. Distress, mucoid rhinitis and tracheitis, bronchopneumonia
C. Bollinger bodies (biopsy/histopathology), Electron microscopy, necropsy
D: Prevention of vector exposure, seperation of affected birds, vaccination
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Question 5

What is the name of that bird? which family? Which anatomic particularity is present in regard of the respiratory tract?

Answer 5

Gannet ; Suliformes
no external nostrils; they are located inside the mouth, instead.
They have air sacs in the face and chest under the skin, which act like bubble wrap
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Question 6

The right and left infraorbital sinus is communicating in which birds/ families of birds?

Answer 6

parrots (psittaciformes); insectivorous passeriformes; Anseriformes
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Question 7

Name 4 distinct features of the avian parabronchi.

Answer 7

1. they anastomose with one another
2. their walls contain chambers called atria
3. they contain gas exchange units
4. their diameter is uniform within species (about 0.5mm diameter)
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Question 8

Name the 3 elements forming the blood-gas barrier.

Answer 8

1. endothelial cells of the blood capillaries
2. fused basal membranes of blood and air capillaries
3. epithelium of air capillaries
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Question 9

Relative to body weight, the surface area for gas exchange in birds is approximately:
2 times greater
10 times greater
20 times greater
30 times greater
than in mammals?

Answer 9

10 times greater
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Question 10

Which procedure is performed in this image? Describe the 2 different approaches.

Answer 10

Infraorbital sinus flush/aspiration
1. needle passed at a perpendicular angle at a point midway between the imaginary line traced between the nares and the medial canthus of the eye
2. needle inserted just caudal to the commisure of the mouth,needle is directed ventral to the zygomatic arch ending in the sinus under the eye
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Question 11

You want to do a tracheal wash to obtain a cytological sample of the lower respiratory system.
How much sterile saline/ kg body weight to you apply?
1-2ml
3-5ml
5-10ml

Answer 11

1-2ml
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Question 12

You want to do an air sac lavage to obtain a cytological sample of the lower respiratory system.
How much sterile saline/ kg body weight to you apply?
1-2ml
3-5ml
5-10ml

Answer 12

3-5ml
RespiratoryDiseasesof Parrots VetClinofNA_Crosta_2021