respiratory system Flashcards
encloses the chamber for air inspiration.
external nose
a cleaning, warming, and humidifying chamber for inspired air.
nasal cavity
serves as a common passageway for food and air.
pharynx
the pharynx is also known as
throat
Its rigid structure helps keep the airway constantly open, or patent.
larynx
the larynx is also known as
voice box
an air-cleaning tube to funnel inspired air to each lung.
trachea
the trachea is also known as
windpipe
tubes that direct air into the lungs.
bronchi
a labyrinth of air tubes and a complex network of air sacs, called alveoli, and capillaries
lungs
two aspects of respiration
ventilation and respiration
movement of air into and out of the lungs
ventilation
diffusion of gases across plasma membranes
respiration
two types of respiration
pulmonary/external respiration & systemic/internal respiration
movement of gases between atmospheric air in the lungs and the blood
pulmonary / external respiration
the movement of gases between the blood and the body’s cells.
systemic / internal respiration
two regions of the respiratory tract
upper and lower respiratory tract
the upper respiratory tract includes the structures from the
nose to the larynx
lower respiratory tract
trachea through the alveoli
encompasses the structures from the nose to the small- est air tubes within the lungs and is strictly for ventilation
conducting zone
solely within the lungs and includes some specialized small air tubes and the alveoli where gas exchange occurs
respiratory tract
Functions of Respiratory
Regulation of blood pH
Olfaction
Voice production
innate immunity
parts of upper respiratory tract
nose
pharynx
larynx
visible part of nose
external nose
nostrils
nares
openings to the pharynx
choanae
divides nasal cavity to left and right
nasal septum
forms the floor of nasal cavity; separating the cavity from the oral cavity
hard palate
three prominent bone ridges; increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and cause it to churn so that it can be cleansed, humidified, warmed
conchae
air filled spaces within the bone
paranasal sinuses
inflammation of mucous membrane of sinus
sinusitis
dislodges foreign substances from the nasal cavity
sneeze reflex
ACHOO
Autosomal-dominant- Compelling- Helio- Opthalmic- Outburst
common passageway for both respiratory and digestive
pharynx
pharynx is divide into 3:
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
2 tonsils present in oropharynx
lingual tonsil
palatine tonsil
voicebox
larynx
single cartilages of larynx
thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
thyroid cartilage is otherwise known as
adam’s apple
most inferior cartilage of larynx
cricoid cartilage
protects airway during swallowing
epiglottis
3 paired cartilages of larynx
cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid
2 sets of ligaments of larynx
vestibular folds
vocal folds
false vocal cords
vestibular folds
true vocal folds
vocal folds
parts of lower respiratory tract
trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
windpipe
trachea
contraction of smooth muscle which narrows the diameter of trachea
cough reflex
principal organ for respiration
lungs
secondary bronchi
lobar bronchi
tertiary bronchi
segmental bronhchi
cavity that surrounds each lung
pleural cavity
lines the wall of thorax, diaphragm, and mediastinum
parietal pleura
covers surface of lung
visceral pleura
drain lymph from superficial lung tissue and the visceral pleura
Superficial lymphatic vessels
drain lymph from the bronchi to associated connective tissues
deep lymphatic vessels
inhalation
inspiration
exhalation
expiration
skeletal muscle that separate thoracic cavity to abdominal cavity
diaphragm
3 types of breathing
normal, quiet, labored breathing
process of measuring volumes of air that movies into and out of the respiratory system
spirometry
device that measures respiratory volume
spirometer
measures of the amount of air movement during different portions of ventilation
respiratory volumes
sum of two or more respiratory volum
respiratory capacities
is the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath
Tidal volume
At rest, quiet breathing results in a tidal volume of approximately
500 mL
is the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after inspiration of the tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume is approximately
3000 mL at rest
is the amount of air that can be
forcefully expired after expiration of the tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume is approximately
1100 mL at rest
is the volume of air still remaining in the
respiratory passages and lungs after the most forceful expiration
Residual volume
Residual volume is approximately
1200 mL
the tidal volume plus the inspiratory
reserve volume, which is the amount of air a person can
inspire maximally after a normal expiration
inspiratory capacity
inspiratory capacity is approximately
3500 mL at rest
is the expiratory reserve volume
plus the residual volume, which is the amount of air remaining
in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration
Functional residual capacity
Functional residual capacity
approximately
2300 mL at rest
the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, the
tidal volume, and the expiratory reserve volume, which is the
maximum volume of air a person can expel from the respiratory
tract after a maximum inspiration (approximately 4600 mL).
Vital capacity
is the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory
reserve volumes plus the tidal volume and the residual volume
(approximately 5800 mL).
Total lung capacity
