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Biology 11 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 stages of respiration?

A
  1. Breathing (Inspiration and Expiration)
  2. External Respiration
  3. Internal Respiration
  4. Cellular Respiration
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2
Q

Breathing is divided into inspiration and expiration. What is the difference between the two?

A

Inspiration: moving air IN (inhaling), moving air OUTSIDE the body into the lungs

Expiration: moving air OUT (exhaling), moving air INSIDE the lungs to outside the body

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3
Q

What happens in the second step of breathing (External Respiration)?

A

Oxygen moves from the air in the lungs into the bloodstream. Inside the lungs, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste

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4
Q

What happens in the third step of respiration (Internal Respiration)?

A

Oxygen moves from the blood in the bloodstream into each of the body’s tissue cells. Carbon dioxide moves from the cells into the blood in the bloodstream

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5
Q

What happens in the fourth step of respiration (Cellular Respiration)?

A

once oxygen enters the body’s tissue cells, a series of energy-releasing chemical reactions take place within the cells

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water (+energy (ATP))

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6
Q

What are the two requirements for respiration?

A
  1. Respiratory surface must be large enough to efficiently meet the demands of the organism. Diffusion must be able to happen quick enough
  2. Requires a moist surface. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide need to be dissolved in water in order to diffuse across membranes
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7
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The process of moving an oxygen-containing medium , such as air or water, over the respiratory surface

surfaces include gills, lungs, and even skin

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8
Q

What is tidal volume? (and its number)

A

The volume of air that is inhaled & exhaled in a normal breathing movement (body at rest) (500mL)

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9
Q

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume? (and its number)

A

the addition volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond a regular, or tidal inhalation (males - 3000mL, females- 1900mL)

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10
Q

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume? (and its number)

A

the addition volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond a regular, or tidal, exhalation (males - 1000mL, females - 700mL)

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11
Q

What is Vital Capacity? (and its number)

A

total lung volume capacity , total volume of gas that can be moved into or out of the lungs (males- 4800mL, females - 3100mL)

TV + IRV + ERV = VC

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12
Q

What is Residual Volume? (and its number)

A

amount of gas that remains in the lungs and passageways of respiratory system even after full exhalation (males - 1200mL, females - 1100mL)

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13
Q

what is the main organ of the respiratory system and what is its function

A

the lungs, for protection and moisture

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14
Q

What happens in the nostrils

A

air moves from the external environment , through the nostrils (external nares) into the nasal cavity

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15
Q

What are turbinate bones? What is their function and where are they located?

A

They are thin bones in the nose projecting from the cavity roof that increases surface area to assist in “conditioning” the air.

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16
Q

What are inside the nasal cavity and their functions?

A

Mucus - the turbinate bones contain mucus to help moisten the air and trap foreign material

Blood Vessels - aid in warming the air

Ciliated Cells - help move foreign material out of the nose by sneezing/coughing

17
Q

what 5 main structures/parts are part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose and Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Glottis, Epiglottis, Larynx

18
Q

what is the path of the upper respiratory system?

A
  1. after going through the nasal cavity, air then travels through the Pharynx which connects the mouth and nose to trop of trachea and esophagus
  2. air then reaches the glottis, which is the opening to the trachea
  3. the epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea
  4. located between the glottis and trachea, the vocal cords that make sounds are located and open and close to allow sound to change pitch
19
Q

What are the 6 structures/parts of the lower respiratory system?

A

Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Pleural Membrane, Bronchioles, Alveoli

20
Q

how do the bronchi and lungs connect?

A

after air enters the trachea, the bronchi (small passageways) break off into two paths, one in each lung.

21
Q

How are the lungs divided?

A

divided into lobes, 3 on the right and 2 on the left

22
Q

What is the Pleural Membrane?

A

Lungs are surrounded by this membrane

  • flexible and one-layered
  • one layer is attached to chest wall
  • one layer covers each lung lobe to decrease friction
23
Q

what are Bronchioles?

A

Bronchi are divided into smaller tubes called Bronchioles

  • a network of finer tubes for air to travel
  • at the END of each bronchiole is the Alveoli
24
Q

What are the Alveoli and what occurs in them?

A

The alveoli is where the actual exchange of gases occurs and MUST remain moist in order to facilitate the exchange

25
Q

How is gas exhanged?

A

Gas is exchanged by diffusion across the two membranes (alveolar membrane/capillary membrane). Carbon dioxide is exchanged from the capillaries to the alveoli and Oxygen is exchanged from the alveoli to the capillaries

26
Q

what are the 4 things the Medulla Oblongata does?

A
  1. coordinates breathing movements
  2. maintaining an adequate breathing rate
  3. monitoring lung volume levels
  4. ensuring adequate gas levels are in the blood
27
Q

how is air ‘conditioned’ in the body and why is it important?

A

air is conditioned through the nose. the nose conditions the inspired air by warming or humidifying it. The major function is to warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs for gas exchange

28
Q

(Upper Respiratory Tract Disease) - What is Laryngitis? what does it affect? treatments?

A

it is an inflammation of your larynx (voice box) from overuse, irritation, or infection. May be short lived or chronic. Treatment is self-care such as voice rest, drinking fluids, and humidifying your air.

29
Q

(Lower Respiratory Tract Disease) - what is Pneumonia? what does it affect and what are the treatments?

A

it is an infection of one or both of the lungs due to bacteria, fungi, or viruses. It can be treated with rest, antibiotics, and plenty of fluids

Biology 11 (1 decks)

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