Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Respiratory system

A

Interchange of gases between atmosphere and the cells of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the resp. System consist of?

A

RESPIRATION AND VENTILATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of respiration?

A

EXTERNAL and INTERNAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of VENTILATION?

A

Inspiration and Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A 
>GAS EXCHANGE
>ACID BASE BALANCE
>RESPIRATORY HEAT LOSS
>PULMONARY METABOLISM (Conversion of substances that pass through the pulmonary blood vessels)
>FACILITATES VENOUS RETURN TO HEART
>SOUND PRODUCTION
>SITE OF OLFACTORY SENSATION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ANATOMY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

NOSE-PHARYNX-LARYNX-TRACHEA-BRONCHI-BRONXHIOLES-ALVEOLI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

PARTS OF NOSE & FUNCTION

A

EXTERNAL NOSE-NASAL CAVITY

PASSAGE OF AIR-FILTRATION & CLEANS AIR-HUMIDIFICATION-SMELL-ACT AS RESONATING CHAMBERS (SPEECH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PHARYNX & ANATOMY

A

Common opening for both digestive and respiratory system

NASOPHARYNX-OROPHARYNX-LARYNGOPHARYNX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LARYNX & FUNCTIONS

A

Air passage way between pharynx and the trachea
Epiglottis prevents food/liquid from entering the Larynx and into the ESOPHAGUS
Vocal cords are situated there=primary source of sound production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TRACHEA ANATOMY & FUNCTIONS

A

Flexible tube extending from Larynx to primary Bronchi
Air transportation to and from the lungs
MUCOSA= produced by ciliated epithelium with mucus-producing GOBLET CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LUNGS &PROPERTIES

A

COMPLIANCE & ELASTICITY

COMPL=Distensibility and Expansibility of lungs +thoracic wall
>THORACIC COMPLIANCE= decreased by factors that produce resistance to distention
ELAST= Tendency for lungs to return for initial size after distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

ZONES/FUNCTIONS

A

CONDUCTING ZONE= Bronchi-Bronchioles-Terminal Bronchioles
RESPIRATORY ZONE= Resp.Bronchioles-Alveolar ducts- Alveolar Sacs
(gas exchange site)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ALVEOLI+RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE/FUNCTIONS

A

> Functional units of the lungs
ALVEOLAR TYPE I CELLS=form most cell.wall+squamous epithelium
ALVEOLAR TYPE II CELLS= secrete surfactant
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES=phagocytes (take care of pathogens+ foreign material)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SURFACTANT FUNCTION

A

Reduces surface tension within the Alveoli
>IMPORTANT AT BIRTH= prevents lung collapse
>Causes RDS in premature babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MECHANICS OF RESPIRATION

A

1) Rest
2) INSPIRATION
3) EXPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OXYGENATION=GAS EXCHANGE

Parts and functions

A

BREATHING-> PONS (Largest part of brainstem-connects cerebrum to cerebellum)

MEDULLA OBLANGATA (Lower part of brainstem, AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS such as contraction and relaxation of diaphragm- measure of Blood pH {low+High CO2-High+ Low CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is in control of CHEMICAL CONTROL OF RESPIRATION?

A

1) CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS=(Medulla oblongata =sensitive to change in C02+ H)
2) PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS=(Carotid + Aortic bodies detect changes to 02-stimulated by low 02)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

REGULATION OF BREATHING

A

> Receptors in Medulla Oblongata detect changes in Co2+ H
Aortic Arch(Receptors) stimulated by Low 02 and sends signal to breathe more to stabilise levels)
Higher centres in Cortex can exert conscious control over respiration

19
Q

GAS EXCHANGE (pressure)

A

From areas of High pressure to areas of low pressure

20
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY

A

> LUNGS– ARTERY=DEOXYGENATED VEIN= OXYGENATED

>BODY– ARTERY= OXYGENATED VEIN= DEOXYGENATED

21
Q

DIFFUSION OF GASES

A

FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION

22
Q

OXYGEN TRANSPORT

A

Dissolved in Plasma=1.5%

Combined with Haemoglobin= 98.5%

23
Q

TRANSPORT OF CO2

A

Dissolved In Plasma 10%
Carbominohaemoglobin =20%
Bicarbonate Ions=70% (HCO3-)

CO2 is transported when recombined

24
Q

FORMULA OF CO2 TRANSPORTATION

A

CO2+H20=H2CO3=H+HCO3-

25
Q

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

A

Conversion of fuel into energy + nutrients within the Mitochondria + Cytosol of cells

26
Q

TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

A

AEROBIC=with o2 with product of co2, water and ATP

ANAEROBIC= WITHOUT O2-usueful for higher energy demands- product lactic acid

27
Q

PLACENTAL RESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE

A

Network of capillaries exchange O2 and Co2 with maternal blood that carries gases to and from mother’s lungs

28
Q

FETAL CIRCULATION

A

ARTERIES=DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

VEINS= OXYGENATED

29
Q

WHAT HAPPENS AT BIRTH?

A

^ CO2 in foetal blood stimulates breathing control centres to initiate breathing

30
Q

ACID-BASE BALANCE

A

H+ CONCENTRATION AFFECTS ACIDITY OF BLOOD

31
Q

EXPLAIN ACIDOSIS AND ALKALOSIS

A

ACIDOSIS=^NUMBER OF H+

ALKALOSIS= LOW NUMBER OF H+

32
Q

HOMEOSTASIS (ACID -BASE BALANCE)

A

pH is highly controlled <6.8 or >8 = death

33
Q

WHAT ARE ACIDS?

A

Substances that can donate H+

E.G lactic acid or carbonic acid

34
Q

WHAT ARE BASES?

A

Substances that can be proton (H+) acceptors

E.G BICARBONATE

35
Q

WHAT IS A BUFFER?

A

Substance that resists a change in pH

36
Q

WHAT IS A BUFFER CAPACITY?

A

Ability to resist a change in pH

37
Q

REGULATION OF BLOOD PH

3 MAIN SYSTEMS THAT REGULATE H+ CONCENTRATION

A

> BUFFER SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RENAL MECHANISM

38
Q

HOW DOES BUFFER SYSTEM WORK?

A

1ST line of defence against pH changes
Rapid response
Tissue fluid + cells= immediately combine with acid or base to prevent excessive changes in pH
Doesn’t destroy or create H+ but keep them tied up until balance is restored

39
Q

TYPES OF BUFFER SYSTEM

A

> Bicarbonate buffer system (extracellular fluid)
Phosphate buffer system (Intracellular fluid)
Protein Buffer (Both)

40
Q

DESCRIBE BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM

A

> Most important
Constitutes of Sodium bicarbonate and Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid dissociates into H+ and Bicarbonate Ions
H+ generated by metabolism or ingestion react with Bicarbonate base to form more Carbonic acid
Normal levels= Bicarbonate : Carbonic acid (20:1)
CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD= regulated by kidneys (bicarbonate) and Respiratory system (carbonic acid)

41
Q

DESCRIBE PROTEIN BUFFER

A

Haemoglobin(protein) buffer in RBC

>Helps transport metabolically produced CO2 from cells to lunges for excretion

42
Q

HOW DOES RESPIRATORY MECHANISM WORK?

A

> 2nd line of defence
Regulates concentration of carbonic acid by the lungs
Respiratory centre removal and retention of CO2 and then Carbonic acid from extracellular fluid by the lungs.
Maintain one component of BICARBONATE BUFFER
^CO2 + h+ = Respiratory centre stimulation= ^RR
–> only effective for 1-2 mins

43
Q

HOW DOES RENAL SYSTEM WORK?

A

> AIM to provide PERMANENT SOLUTION to acid-base disturbances

>ACHIEVED= Excretion of H+, Reabsorption of Bicarbonate, excretion of titratable acid and ammonium Ions.

44
Q

DISORDERS OF ACID BASE BALANCE

A

ACIDOSIS AND ALKALOSIS

A&P RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions