Respiratory system

Question 1

Describe the process of respiration and how is it different to breathing?

Answer 1

Respiration is the release of energy from food substances that occurs in all living cells, whereas inhalation/ breathing is a set of muscular movements that provides the lungs with fresh air so that gas exchange can be carried out

Question 2

What action of 2 group muscles helps breathing?

Answer 2

The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm as well as pleural membranes that surround the lungs

Question 3

When inhaling oxygen what happens in our respiratory system?

Answer 3

1. External intercostal muscles-> contract and pull ribcage upwards and outwards
2. Diaphragm muscles-> contract and diaphragm moves downwards
3. Lung volume increases
4. Air rushes in to fill extra space and bring pressure to equilibrium

Question 4

When exhaling carbon dioxide what happens in the respiratory system?

Answer 4

1. Internal intercostal muscles relax and rib cage falls downwards and inwards
2. Diaphragm muscles relax and diaphragm returns to original domed- shape
3. Lung volume decreases, pressure increase
4. Air forced out

Question 5

What’s the equation of respiration?

Answer 5

Glucose + oxygen-> energy + carbon dioxide + water

Question 6

What’s the process of swapping carbon dioxide for oxygen called?

Answer 6

Gas exchange

Question 7

What are the properties of a gas exchange surface?

Answer 7

1. Thin-> short distance of diffusion
2. Large surface area-> many gas molecules can diffuse over quickly
3. Moist-> cells won’t die
4. Well-ventilated-> concentration gradients for oxygen and carbon dioxide kept up by regular intake of air
5. Close to blood supply-> gases can be carried to and from the cells that need or produce them

Question 8

What’s the gas exchange system made up of?

Answer 8

1. Respiratory surface ( gas exchange surface)-> membranes lining the alveoli
2. A set of tubes-> so air can be directed to respiratory surface
3. A blood supply-> carry dissolved gases to and from gas exchange surface
4. Ventilation system-> keeps a good flow of air over respiratory surface

Question 9

The function of the bronchus?

plural bronchi

Answer 9

Leads air to bronchioles

Question 10

The function of the larynx?

voice box

Answer 10

1. Air passes through here when breathing.
2. When breathing out, vocal cords vibrate
3. Sounds produced

Question 11

The function of the trachea?

Answer 11

AKA windpipe

1. carries air to lungs

Question 12

The function of the bronchiole?

Answer 12

1. leads air to alveoli

Question 13

The function of alveoli?

Answer 13

Lined with membranes so gas exchange can take place, large surface area, moist and thin for diffusion to occur.

Question 14

What can affect your breathing rate?

Answer 14

1. Smoking
2. Anxiety
3. Drugs
4. Environmental
5. Altitude
6. Weight

Question 15

When exercising, you’re doing more respiration than at rest, therefore, waste substances need to be removed out of the body by increasing:

Answer 15

1. breathing rate-> number of breaths per minute

2. Tidal volume-> more air per breath

Question 16

Adaptations humans have evolved to have in order to run?

Answer 16

Hair on head-> upright posture without overheating brain from the sun

2. Sweat glands-> secrete sweat that contain water
3. Hairless skin-> more evaporation of sweat to cool down
4. Large gluteus maximus for upper body to lean without toppling over & legs swinging side to side

Question 17

Define physical activity

Answer 17

Any movement that requires energy

Question 18

What happens if you exercise too much?

Answer 18

1. Menstrual cycle stops
2. Compulsive exercise-> leads to eating disorders
3. Cardiac myopathy-> heart muscle enlarges and pumps less strongly
4. Stress fracture-> bones breaking over time
5. Torn achilles tendon
6. Torn muscles