Respiratory Sys Flashcards
Respiratory system structure
Upper respiratory
Nose, pharynx, associated structures
Lower respiratory
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Functionality of respiratory system
Conducting zone-air to lungs
Respiratory zone-main site of gas exchange
Organs in conducting zone
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Organs in respiratory zone
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Which lung is bigger
Right
Nose framework
2 parts
Nasal bone, maxillae, frontal bone
External and internal
Internal-large cavity beyond nasal vestibule (hair and sweat glands)
Nasal conchae
What it is. What it does
Subdivide cavity into meatuses
-Increase surface area, prevent dehydration
-enhance air turbulence
-modify speech
Pharynx
Where is it
Functions
(Throat) end of nose to larynx
Passageway for air and food
Resonating chamber (mod speech)
Houses tonsils
Regions of pharynx
- Nasopharynx (resp only)
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
2-3 resp and digest
Larynx
Location, number of pieces and what they are
Connecting laryngoharynx &trachea
9 pieces:
1 thyroid cartilage
1 cricoid cartilage
2 arytenoid
2 cornice late
2 cuneiform
1 epiglottis
Glottis
Pair of vocal cords (true vocal cords)
And the space in between
Cricoid=
Arytenoid=
Corniculate=
Cuneiform=
Cricoid- Ring
Arytenoid- Ladle
Corniculate- Horn
Cuneiform- Wedge
Mucous membrane of larynx forms
Blood vessels?
False vocal cords (superior)
—thick blood vessels
True vocal cords (inferior)
—thin no blood vessels
Trachea
Location
Structural stuff
Larynx to bronchi
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Open part faces esophagus
Ciliated to push debris
What does hyaline cartilage do as it moves into the lungs
Breaks down form rings to chips until completely gone and replaced by smooth muscle
Carina
Bronchi Branches
Carina ‘ship keel’ where trachea splits into primary bronchi
Primary, secondary, tertiary, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Autonomic nervous system and bronchi
Sympathetic- relax/dialation- more air
Parasympathetic- contraction/constriction- less air
INVOLUNTARY
Lung lobes
Right 3 lobes
Left 2 lobes
Lungs
Double layered pleura
Serous membrane
Partietal pleura- lines wall of thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura- covers lungs themselves
Purpose of pleural fluid
Reduces friction
Reduces surface tension
Prevents lungs from sticking together
Lobes divide into…
Contains…
Lobules (segments) wrapped in elastic CT
Contains lymphatic vessels, arterioles, Venice and branch from terminal bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles branch into…
Respiratory bronchioles then divide into alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Segments per lobe
Right= 10
Left= 9
Types of alveolar epithelial cells
Type 1- main site of gas exchange. Simple squamous. More of them
Type 2- reduce surface tension by secreting alveolar fluid. Cuboidal cells. Surfectant.
Also has dust cells- alveolar macrophages