Respiratory Sys

Question 1

Respiratory system structure

Answer 1

Upper respiratory
Nose, pharynx, associated structures

Lower respiratory
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 2

Functionality of respiratory system

Answer 2

Conducting zone-air to lungs

Respiratory zone-main site of gas exchange

Question 3

Organs in conducting zone

Answer 3

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 4

Organs in respiratory zone

Answer 4

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 5

Which lung is bigger

Answer 5

Right

Question 6

Nose framework
2 parts

Answer 6

Nasal bone, maxillae, frontal bone

External and internal
Internal-large cavity beyond nasal vestibule (hair and sweat glands)

Question 7

Nasal conchae
What it is. What it does

Answer 7

Subdivide cavity into meatuses
-Increase surface area, prevent dehydration
-enhance air turbulence
-modify speech

Question 8

Pharynx
Where is it
Functions

Answer 8

(Throat) end of nose to larynx

Passageway for air and food
Resonating chamber (mod speech)
Houses tonsils

Question 9

Regions of pharynx

Answer 9

1. Nasopharynx (resp only)
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

2-3 resp and digest

Question 10

Larynx
Location, number of pieces and what they are

Answer 10

Connecting laryngoharynx &trachea
9 pieces:
1 thyroid cartilage
1 cricoid cartilage
2 arytenoid
2 cornice late
2 cuneiform
1 epiglottis

Question 11

Glottis

Answer 11

Pair of vocal cords (true vocal cords)
And the space in between

Question 12

Cricoid=
Arytenoid=
Corniculate=
Cuneiform=

Answer 12

Cricoid- Ring
Arytenoid- Ladle
Corniculate- Horn
Cuneiform- Wedge

Question 13

Mucous membrane of larynx forms

Blood vessels?

Answer 13

False vocal cords (superior)
—thick blood vessels
True vocal cords (inferior)
—thin no blood vessels

Question 14

Trachea
Location
Structural stuff

Answer 14

Larynx to bronchi
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Open part faces esophagus
Ciliated to push debris

Question 15

What does hyaline cartilage do as it moves into the lungs

Answer 15

Breaks down form rings to chips until completely gone and replaced by smooth muscle

Question 16

Carina
Bronchi Branches

Answer 16

Carina ‘ship keel’ where trachea splits into primary bronchi

Primary, secondary, tertiary, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 17

Autonomic nervous system and bronchi

Answer 17

Sympathetic- relax/dialation- more air

Parasympathetic- contraction/constriction- less air

INVOLUNTARY

Question 18

Lung lobes

Answer 18

Right 3 lobes
Left 2 lobes

Question 19

Lungs
Double layered pleura

Answer 19

Serous membrane
Partietal pleura- lines wall of thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura- covers lungs themselves

Question 20

Purpose of pleural fluid

Answer 20

Reduces friction
Reduces surface tension
Prevents lungs from sticking together

Question 21

Lobes divide into…
Contains…

Answer 21

Lobules (segments) wrapped in elastic CT
Contains lymphatic vessels, arterioles, Venice and branch from terminal bronchioles

Question 22

Terminal bronchioles branch into…

Answer 22

Respiratory bronchioles then divide into alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 23

Segments per lobe

Answer 23

Right= 10
Left= 9

Question 24

Types of alveolar epithelial cells

Answer 24

Type 1- main site of gas exchange. Simple squamous. More of them

Type 2- reduce surface tension by secreting alveolar fluid. Cuboidal cells. Surfectant.

Also has dust cells- alveolar macrophages

Question 25

Alveolus
Respiratory membrane

Answer 25

Alveolar wall
Epith basement membrane
Capillary basement membrane
Capillary endothelium
_____very thin for rapid diffusion