Respiratory/smoking test Flashcards
flap of cartilage that closes over the entrance to the larynx and trachea during the action of swallowing
Epiglottis
branches many times into smaller and smaller tubes; sends air to a lung
Bronchi
process of bringing in oxygenn and removing CO2 from the body
Respiration
Pulmonary
referring to lungs or the respiratory system
Lungs
exchange of CO2 for O2
Capillaries
thin-walled blood vessels where the exchange of O2 and CO2 occur; covers the alveoli
Alveoli
air sacs @ the end of bronchioles; a site for gas exchange
Cillia
tiny-hair like structures that filter dust particles from the air (located in the pharynx, trachea, and bronchi)
Mucus Membranes
soft tissue; lines the nose, mouth, and throat; when you breathe in the mucus membrane traps bacteria/pathogens
downward
When you breathe in, your diaphragm moves_____
larger
your chest cavity gets____when you breathe I
hiccups
tiny spasms of the diaphragm
mucus
slimy fluid made by mucus membranes that coats tis nasal passages, trachea & bronchi; traps particles from the air and adds moisture to air that’s entering te lungs
Emphysema
air cannot move in and out of the lungs because the alveoli becomes blocked or lose their elasticity; can’t breate normally, unable to get enoug oxygen to the body and worsens overtime
Asthma
narrows the trachea and causes airways to be cloggged with mucus
Bronchitis
buildup of mucus in the broncioles
Cronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
combo of chronic bronchitis and obstructive (blocked) emphysema; causes chronic coughing/difficulty breathing/frequent infections and eventually death; always linked with smoking
Diaphragm
sheet of smooth muscle (involuntary) that separates the chest cavity (holds lungs/heart) from the abdominal cavity (holds digestive system)
Pharynx
shared w/ digestive system from the back of the tongue to epiglottis (AKA throat; air flows into)
Larynx
base of the pharynx, aka voicebox, and where the vocal cords are located
Bronchioles
smaller tubes within the lungs, and @ end of each one: a cluster of thin-walled air sacs
Trachea
aka windpipe, has rings of cartilage around it
Nose/Nasal Cavity
where air enters through, warms and moistens the air so it does not dry out lung tissue, helps clean the air
Nicotine
an addictive drug found in tobacco, mild stimulant and muscle relaxant
Tar
sticky substance that contains many carcinogens and coats the inside of your airways
Carbon monoxide
a gas that blocks oxygen from getting into your bloodstream
addiction
the effects of nicotine on the brain lead to physical dependence and ____
snuff and chewing tobacco
leads to mouth sores and oral cancer
mainstream smoke
smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker
emphysema
a lung disease in which the alveoli lose their elasticity/become blocked
carcinogen
any chemical or agent that causes cancer
seconds
the nicotine in a cigarette takes only___ to get into the bloodstream and start its effects
tobacco use
leading cause of preventable death in the U.S.
lung cancer
currently kills more people than any other form of cancer
secondhand smoke
another name for environmental tobacco smoke
sidestream smoke
the smoke that escapes from the tip of a cigarette
placenta
chemicals from the cigarette smoke pass through the ____ to the fetus
reduces/restricts
smoking ____ oxygen to the brain and narrows blood vessels
teenagers
almost all smokers start as ___
1) stimulates the brain reward system
2) increases heart rate/blood pressure
3) increases breathing rate
4) increases blood sugar level
5) stimulates the vomit reflex
three short-term effects of tobacco use
1) risk of miscarriage
2) risk of premature birth
3) low birth weight
4) slow growth rate
5) risk of developing learning difficulties
6) SIDS (Sudden infant death syndrome)
7) baby can be phsyically dependent on nicotine
three effects of tobacco on te fetus and baby
