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BPT Clinical > Respiratory Shorts > Flashcards

Respiratory Shorts Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory causes of clubbing

A
  1. Lung adenoCa
  2. Suppurative lung disease- bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema
  3. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asbestosis
  4. CF
  5. Pleural fibroma or mesothelioma
  6. Mediastinal disease (thymoma, lymphoma, carcinoma)
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2
Q

Cardiovascular causes of clubbing

A
  1. IE

2. Cyanotic congenital heart disease

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3
Q

Other causes of clubbing

A
  1. IBD
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Coeliac disease
  4. Thyrotoxicosis
  5. Brachial AV aneurysm or arterial graft sepsis
  6. Neurogenic diaphragmatic tumours
  7. Familial or idiopathic
  8. Hemiplegic stroke
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4
Q

Light’s definition of transudative effusion

A

Pleural:serum protein < 0.5
Pleural:serum LDH < 0.6
Pleural LDH < 2/3 ULN

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5
Q

Causes of transudative effusion

A
  1. Cardiac fialure
  2. Nephrotic syndrome
  3. Liver failure
  4. Meig’s syndrome (ovarian fibroma and pleural effusion)
  5. Hypothyroidism (classically exudate though)
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6
Q

Causes of exudative effusion

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Neoplasma
  3. Tb, sarcoid
  4. Pulmonary infarction
  5. Subphrenic abscess
  6. Pancreatitis
  7. CTD- RA, SLE
  8. Drugs- nitrofurantoin (acute), methysergide (chronic), drugs causing lupus, chemo agents, bromocriptin
  9. Radiation
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7
Q

Causes of bronchial breath sounds:

A
  1. Lobar pneumonia
  2. Localised fibrosis or collapse
  3. Above a pleural effusion
  4. Large lung cavity
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8
Q

Causes of reduced breath sounds

A
  1. Emphysema
  2. Large lung mass
  3. Collapse, fibrosis, pneumonia
  4. Effusion
  5. PTX
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9
Q

Causes of homogenous opacity on CXR

A
  1. Pneumonia - lobar or segmental
  2. Collapse
  3. Effusion
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10
Q

Causes of localised non-homogenous opacity

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Infarct
  3. Carcinoma
  4. Tb
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11
Q

Causes of diffuse miliary opacities (defined as <2mm)

A
  1. Miliary Tb
  2. Miliary mets (esp breast, thyroid, melanoma, pancreas)
  3. Sarcoid
  4. Pneumonconiosis
  5. Lymphoma, often with hilar LN enlargement
  6. Lymphangitis
  7. Viral pneumonia
  8. Vasculitis
  9. Haemorrhage
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12
Q

Causes of nodular diffuse opacities (3-10mm)

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Pneumoconiosis
  3. Tb
  4. Metastatic Ca
  5. Sarcoidosis
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13
Q

Causes of reticular (linear) opacities

A
  1. Fibrosis

2. Bronchiectasis

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14
Q

Causes of cavitated lesions

A
  1. Lung abscess
  2. Ca (usually SqCC or HL)
  3. Tb
  4. Fungi
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15
Q

Causes of calcified lesion in lung fields

A
  1. Tb
  2. Pneumoconiosis
  3. Post-chickenpox pneumonia
  4. Tularaemia
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16
Q

Causes of miliary calcification

A
  1. Post-chickenpox pneumonia
  2. Histoplasmosis
  3. Coccidiodomycosis
  4. Eptopic calcification in renal failure, hyperPTH
17
Q

Causes of coin lesion on CXR

A
  1. Ca (primary or mets)
  2. Tb
  3. Hamartoma
  4. Granuloma (e.g. fungus)
  5. AV fistula
  6. Rheumatoid nodule
  7. Lung abscess
  8. Hydatid cyst

BPT Clinical (5 decks)

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