RESPIRATORY SDLP Flashcards
Name 2 common pathogens that cause respiratory illness in infants and children?
Adenovirus Influenza A
Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV)
List two different methods of supplying an infant with oxygen
nasal prongs and Headbox
What four signs are you observing for when assessing respiratory status?
Oxygen saturation
Respiratory rate
Degree of respiratory effort
Heart rate
What is the normal range of oxygen saturation in an infant or child?
<92-100%
Name three tests which may diagnose a respiratory illness
Post Nasal Aspirate (PNA)
Chest X Ray (CXR)
Sputum sample
What is the difference between aerosol and droplet transmission?
Aerosols are much smaller than droplets, therefore are more easily spread and may be suspended in the air for much longer.
What infection control precautions would you take with a child with a respiratory illness?
hand hygiene
Isolate in a single room or cohort with other patients with the same illness
send all samples to the laboratory in a sealed container within a sealed biohazard bag
What type of lung sounds would you expect to hear in a child with bronchiolitis
Expiratory wheeze and occasionally crackles
When inspecting respiratory effort what are you observing for?
recession
Tracheal Tug
Abdominal breathing
Use of accessory muscles
Nasal flaring
Colour
Degree of restlessness
Conscious state
Ability to speak ie. In words or sentences
What are the signs of severe respiratory effort
Unable to feed
Severe respiratory distress with marked chest retraction, nasal flaring & grunting
Respiratory rate >60
Hypoxaemia which may not be corrected with oxygen
May have prolonged apnoeic episodes
May appear tired
Children with RSV may be placed in a multiple bed room providing that the other children are?
> 12 months of age;
not immunocompromised
do not have congenital heart disease or severe pulmonary disease
How often should an oxygen analyser be calibrated and what is the oxygen percentage of room air?
Once a shift
Room air is 21% oxygen
List the equipment required for a headbox
Appropriate sized headbox
Green oxygen tubing
Red air tubing
Y connecter for tubing
High flow oxygen and air meters
Oxygen analyser
What is the minimum frequency of observations whilst a child is receiving oxygen therapy
Minimum of hourly observations but may be more often if required
Describe the signs that would lead you to consider ceasing oral feeds in an infant with respiratory distress?
Unable to maintain 2/3 of usual oral intake
Decreased urine output
Fatigue
Excessive coughing
Vomiting
Tachypnoea
Increased respiratory effort
What is the recommended flow of gas into a headbox
Neonatal: 8L
Small: 12L
Large: 15L
When would you make a MET call and how would you do this?
When your child needs an urgent review and the consulting medical team is unable to be reached. LanPage 8917 and state MET call ward __ phone __
Who needs to be present when an adrenaline neb is given on the ward and why?
Registered Nurse and either the resident or registrar. As the child may become tachycardic, hypotensive and have a rebound of symptoms within a short period of time.
Name four differences between children’s and adults respiratory tracts.
smaller in size
larger soft palate
larger tongue
larynx is higher
You are caring for a 11 month old baby with bronchiolitis who is due to be discharged today.
Her mother asks if she can return to daycare tomorrow. What advice would you give her?
You should give the parents bear facts sheet for bronchiolitis and advise her not to return to daycare or play with other babies until the symptoms have gone (usually a week or two).
Which immunisation has reduced the incidence of bacterial pneumonia?
Haemophilis influenza B (Hib)
You are caring for a 15 year old girl who is due a dTpa immunisation. Her mother says that she doesn’t need it as she had whooping cough as a child. What advice would you give her?
Only immunisation provides lasting immunity, you may develop pertussis more than once
Can CLD effect infants born at term?
Yes / No
yes
