Respiratory Physiology Part 1

Question 1

function of respiratory

Answer 1

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide b/w the environment and the cells of the body

Question 2

conducting zone

Answer 2

brings air into and out of the lungs

Question 3

respiratory zone

Answer 3

lined with alveoli

gas exchange occurs

Question 4

structures of conducting zone

Answer 4

nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Question 5

effects of conducting zone on air

Answer 5

it warms, humidifies and filters air before it reaches gas exchange

Question 6

Mucus and cilia in the conducting zone

Answer 6

remove inhaled particles

Question 7

movement of cilia

Answer 7

upward rhythmic beating

Question 8

what can paralyze cilia / mucus mechanism

Answer 8

inhalation of smoke

Question 9

Sympathetic effects on conducting zone

Answer 9

Beta 2 = dilation of airway

Question 10

Parasympathetic effects on conducting zone

Answer 10

muscarinic receptors = contraction

Question 11

examples of Beta-2

Answer 11

epinephrine and albuterol

asthma treatment

Question 12

structures that participate in respiratory zone

Answer 12

bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Question 13

bronchioles

Answer 13

cilia and smooth muscle

Question 14

alveolar ducts

Answer 14

lined with alveoli

no cilia and very little smooth muscle

Question 15

gas exchange occurs in

Answer 15

alveoli

each lung has 300 million alveoli

Question 16

why does gas exchange happen rapidly and efficiently

Answer 16

alveolar walls are thin and have large surface area

Question 17

surfactant

Answer 17

reduce surface tension of alveoli

Question 18

what would happen if we didn’t have surfactant

Answer 18

the lungs would collapse

Question 19

macrophages in respiratory zone

Answer 19

another line of defense

b/c there is no cilia , macrophages keep alveoli free from dust & debri

Question 20

CO of lungs

Answer 20

receive 100% of CO from pulmonary artery (heart)

Question 21

Gravitational effects on pulmonary blood flow

Answer 21

Standing –> blood flow is lowest at apex (top) and highest at base (bottom)

Supine–> gravitational effects disappear

Question 22

lung volumes

Answer 22

tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Residual volume

Question 23

tidal volume

Answer 23

volume of air that fills the alveoli + the volume of air that fills the airway

500 mL

Question 24

Inspiratory reserve volume

IRV

Answer 24

additional volume that can be inspired above tidal volume

3000 mL

Question 25

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 25

the additional volume that can be expired below tidal volume 1200 mL

Question 26

Residual volume

Answer 26

volume of gas remaining in the lungs after maximal forced expiration 1200 mL

Question 27

Lung capacities

Answer 27

Inspiratory capacity (IC) Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) Vital Capacity (VC) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Question 28

inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 28

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 3500 mL

Question 29

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Answer 29

expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV) 2400 mL remaining volume in the lungs after TV is expired

Question 30

FRC can also be thought of as

Answer 30

equilibrium of the lungs

Question 31

Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 31

inspiratory capacity (IC) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV) 4700 mL volume expired after maximal inspiration

Question 32

vital capacity can increase with

Answer 32

body size male gender physical conditioning

Question 33

total lung compacity (TLC)

Answer 33

all lung volume vital capacity + residual volume 5900 mL

Question 34

Dead Space

Answer 34

volume of the airways and lungs that does not participate in gas exchange

Question 35

Anatomic Space

Answer 35

volume of conducting airways -when tidal volume is inspired, the entire volume does not reach the alveoli for gas exchange

Question 36

At the end of expiration conducting airways are filled with ___

Answer 36

alveolar air -filled with air that has already been in the alveoli and gas exchange

Question 37

After expiring air & the inspiration of the next tidal volume what happens to alveolar air ?

Answer 37

alveolar air is first to enter the alveoli

Question 38

physiologic dead space

Answer 38

total volume of the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange dead space of conducting airways + functional dead space of alveoli

Question 39

ventilation rate

Answer 39

volume of air moved into and out of the air per unit of time

Question 40

minute ventilation

Answer 40

total rate of air movement into & out of the lung Tidal Volume x (breaths/min)

Question 41

alveolar ventilation corrects for

Answer 41

physiologic dead space

Question 42

alveolar ventilation

Answer 42

describes inverse relationship between alveolar ventilation and alveolar PCO2 (the lower the alveolar ventilation , the less CO2 is pulled out of blood & the higher the PaCO2)

Question 43

Alveolar ventilation equation

Answer 43

(TV- Physiologic dead space) x breaths/min

Question 44

Forced Vital Capacity

Answer 44

total volume of air that can be forcibly expired after max inspiration

Question 45

forced vital capacity in healthy lungs

Answer 45

can get all air out in 3 seconds