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4b. RESPIRATORY > Respiratory Pharmacology > Flashcards

Respiratory Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main autonomic neurotransmitters?

A

Noradrenaline, acetylcholine

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2
Q

What overall effect does autonomic innervation have on the airway smooth muscle?

A

Parasympathic - constricts, sympathetic - dilates

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3
Q

Describe, briefly, the mechanism of parasympathetic effect upon the ASM.

A

PIP2 converted to IP3 by PLC, due to GPCR activation. Calcium buildup activates calmodulin which stimulates myosin light chain kinase

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4
Q

Describe, briefly, the mechanism of sympathetic effect upon the ASM.

A

Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP. By PKA, this activates myosin phosphatase.

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5
Q

Name the two myosin enzymes. Which contracts and which dilates the ASM?

A

Myosin light chain kinase (+ATP) contracts, myosin phosphatase dilates

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6
Q

Which two spasmogens are primarily used in provacation tests?

A

Histamine H1, Methacholine M3

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7
Q

Name the main SABA.

A

Salbutamol

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8
Q

Name the main LABAs.

A

Salmeterol, formoterol

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9
Q

Name the main CysLT1s.

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast (-lukast)

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10
Q

Name the main methylxanthine drugs.

A

Theophyline, aminophyline (-phyline)

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11
Q

Name the main glucocorticosteroids.

A

Cortisol, prednisone

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12
Q

Name the main mineralocorticosteroids.

A

Aldesterone, beclometasone, budesonide, fluticasone

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13
Q

Name the main cromone.

A

Sodium cromoglicate

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14
Q

Name the main monoclonal IgE antibody drug.

A

Omalizumab

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15
Q

Name the main SAMA.

A

Ipatropium

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16
Q

Name the main LAMAs

A

Tiotropium, glycopyronium

17
Q

Name the main PDE4 inhibitor.

A

Rofumilast

18
Q

What is the drug carbocysteine principally used for?

A

To aid in bringing up sputum

19
Q

Describe briefly the mechanism of action of CysLT1 drugs.

A

PLA2 -> arachidonic acid -> FLAP -> 5-lipoxygenase -> LTA4 -> LTB/C/D/E4 -> blocks CysLT1 receptors

20
Q

Describe briefly the mechanism of action of the methylxanthines.

A

Blocks PDE3 (which degrades cAMP), potentiating it and causing bronchodilation

21
Q

Describe briefly the mechanism of action of the corticosteroids.

A

Diffuse across cell -> complex -> glucocorticoid response elements -> transrepresses inflammatory/ transexpresses antiinflammatory

22
Q

Describe the pharmacological treatment of adults with asthma.

A

SABA + ICS, then LABA/oral steroids, then CysLT1s. Other drugs for exercise induced asthma

23
Q

Which drug should be used for rhinitis?

A

Sodium cromoglicate

4b. RESPIRATORY (3 decks)

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