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PM2C: Therapeutics and Patient Care: Summer > Respiratory: Pharmaceutical Care for Respiratory Patients > Flashcards

Respiratory: Pharmaceutical Care for Respiratory Patients Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient has a respiratory disease such as asthma is suffering with a cough that gets worst, what shouldn’t you recommend them?

A

Cough depressants or cough mixtures as it can only make it worse if they’re struggling to breathe already

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2
Q

What are the red flag symptoms you need to watch out for in a patient with a cough?

A
  1. Wheezing and shortness of breath
  2. If the cough lasts more than 3 weeks
  3. Purulent Sputum (anti-biotics needed)
  4. Haemolytisis (blood in sputum)
  5. Recurring Cough
  6. Chest pain when breathing in
  7. Fever
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3
Q

How do you treat a patient with a cold that also has respiratory disorders?

A
  1. Avoid using cough suppressants
  2. Avoid using NSAIDs as that could cause an asthma attack (only used if patients used before)
  3. Only options are:
    - Paracetamol
    - Honey and lemon
    - Steam Inhalation
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4
Q

How do you treat patients with COPD if they have a strain or a sprain?

A
  1. Paracetamol

2. NSAIDs if there’s no contra indication or cautions

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5
Q

How do you treat patients with asthma if they have a strain or a sprain?

A
  1. Paracetamol

2. Co-codamol

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6
Q

How do you treat patients with headache for asthma?

A
  1. Do not use alcoholic solution as it may evaporate and caused wheezing when inhaled in
  2. Aqueous solution should be used as they do not irritate skin or lungs (Hedrin)
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7
Q

What hay fever treatment do you recommend in patients with respiratory diseases?

A
  1. Non sedating antihistamines such as Loratidine and Cetrizine
  2. Prefer topical as there’s less side effects: this may be nasal corticosteroids or eyedrops
  3. Do not use sedating due to their anti-cholinergic properties
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8
Q

What do you do if a patient has tremor and is known to have a respiratory disease?

A
  1. Side effect that’s caused by salbutamol or theophylline

2. Review current medication and its dose

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9
Q

What do you do if a patient has tiredness and is known to have a respiratory disease?

A
  1. May be a cause of COPD as they struggle to get enough oxygen into the body
  2. This may cause them to become sleepy since the brain isn’t getting enough oxygen
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10
Q

What do you do if a patient has nausea and is known to have a respiratory disease?

A
  1. May be a side effect of theophylline

2. Adjust dose levels

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11
Q

What do you do if a patient has heartburn and is known to have a respiratory disease?

A
  1. Could be a side effect of Theophylline or prednisolone

2. Counter with antacid or omaprezole (short term use only)

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12
Q

What do you do if a patient has insomnia and is known to have a respiratory disease?

A
  1. Theophylline

2. Check plasma levels (might be too high)

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13
Q

What do you do if a patient has Thrush and is known to have a respiratory disease?

A
  1. Due to the effects of the antibiotic and steroids

2. Can be cured with fluconazole or micronzole (gel)

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14
Q

What are the two medications that interfere with theophylline?

A
  1. Fluconazole and St John’s worts

2. High Therapeutic index

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15
Q

What does SIMPLE stand for and how is it used?

A 
S= Stop smoking
I= Inhaler technique 
M= Monitoring
P= Pharmacotherapy 
L= Lifestyle
E= Education

Used in MURs to prevent deaths

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16
Q

Why is smoking cessation important in asthma treatment?

A
  1. Treatment of theophylline will not work as well since smoking contains polycystic hydrocarbons
  2. Smokers respond less to asthma treatment and it reduces the rate of decline of COPD and improves survival rate
  3. Have you to use a higher theophylline concentration in order to have an effect
17
Q

Why is it important that you check someones inhaler technique?

A
  1. People pick up bad habits overtime and may not use inhaler properly
  2. People with arthritis may pick up bad habits and may need a different form
18
Q

How do pharmacists play an important role in monitoring patients with asthma?

A
  1. Pharmacists can encourage patients to go to their medical practices to get regular check ups by specialised asthma nurses
  2. High risk patients should be monitored more closely and COPD patients can be monitored through how well they can tolerate cardiovascular exercise
19
Q

For asthma what are the usually treatment options that are used alongside each other?

A
  1. Long acting beta 2 agonists

2. Inhaled corticosteroids with a single inhaler

20
Q

What are the lifestyle options you can follow for asthma?

A
  1. Adopt a healthier less obese lifestyle
  2. Stay away things that cause allergies such as animals, certain foods, seasonal and drugs
  3. Refer patients to the allergy centre
21
Q

What type of exercise would you suggest to a patient with asthma and what advice would you give them before they began?

A
  1. Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming or walking in an environment that doesn’t effect their conditions (pollution etc)
  2. Take two puffs of 200 micrograms of salbutamol before they begin their exercise
22
Q

In terms of diet, what can increase the risk of asthma?

A
  1. Increased saturated fats
  2. Less fruit and veg and fish
  3. Fast food
  4. High regular intake of sugary drinks
23
Q

What sort of food could cause repeated bronchoconstriction?

A
  1. Egg
  2. Seafood
  3. Peanuts
  4. Soy
  5. Yeast
  6. Cheese
  7. Wheat
  8. Rice
24
Q

What are the public given by pharmacists to ensure they’re educated in terms of asthma?

A

Ensure that all patients have a personal asthma action care plan which they understand and use

25
Q

How do the public educate COPD patients on their conditions?

A
  1. Encourage patients when they’re getting worse and to go see the doctor when it occurs
  2. Doctors may provide a reserve course of antibiotics and steroids for self treating at home
26
Q

What are the main drugs that increase levels of Theophylline?

A
  1. Macrolides

2. Quinolones

27
Q

What are the drugs which lower the amount of potassium in the body?

A
  1. High levels of beta 2 agonists
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. Diuretics
28
Q

Why may you need to increase the dose of bronchodilator when you use a high steroid enough dose of steroid?

A

Adrenal gland loses sensitivity as it doesn’t produce enough adrenaline by itself to open up the air ways in the lungs

29
Q

What are drug related instances that may cause deterioration in a respiratory condition?

A
  1. NSAIDS (topical too) (Aspirin)
  2. Beta blockers
  3. Drug interactions

PM2C: Therapeutics and Patient Care: Summer (25 decks)

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