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2240 > Respiratory pathologies > Flashcards

Respiratory pathologies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Excessive mucus produced by exocrine glands, mainly affects the lungs, but can also affect the pancreas and GI tract.

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2
Q

How do people get Cystic Fibrosis?

A

It is caused by a genetic defect, chromosome 7.

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3
Q

How many lobes are in the left lung?

A

Two lobes, the superior and inferior. Split by the oblique fissure.

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4
Q

How many lobes are in the right lung?

A

Three lobes, The superior, middle, and inferior. The S and M are split by the horizontal fissure, and the M and I are split by the oblique fissure.

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5
Q

What does IRDS stand for?

A

Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Hyaline Membrane Disease

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6
Q

Who does IRSD affect and describe it?

A

Newborns and Premature babies, under-aeration, produces atelectasis, alveoli struggle to remain open due to lack of surfactant.

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7
Q

What is Croup?

A

A viral infection, causes inflammation/ swelling of the subglottic trachea.

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8
Q

What is Epiglottitis?

A

Infection and inflammation of the epiglottis.

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9
Q

Describe pneumonia?

A

Acute infection or inflammation of the lung. Can be caused by bacteria, viruses and aspiration.

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10
Q

What kind of bacteria causes bronchopneumonia?

A

Staphylococcus

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11
Q

What bacteria causes Alveolar pneumonia?

A

Pneumococcus

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12
Q

Which pneumonia is viral or mycoplasmal?

A

Interstitial Pneumonia

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13
Q

Aspiration pneumonia is caused by?

A

Aspirating duh

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14
Q

A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing a purulent sac enclosed by fibrous tissue in the lungs is called?

A

A lung abscess.

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15
Q

What is TB?

A

Tuberculosis

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16
Q

what is tuberculosis caused by?

A

A bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

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17
Q

Tuberculum is?

A

Pre TB, A distinct nodule with TB bacilli can be seen but it is pre primary and secondary TB.

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18
Q

This TB type is normally in the upper lobes.

A

Primary Tuberculosis

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19
Q

Does miliary TB spread out of the lungs to the bloodstream?

A

YES

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20
Q

What is RSV?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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21
Q

Who does RSV affect?

A

Mostly children

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22
Q

What precautions are taken with RSV?

A

Contact and Droplet

23
Q

Normally in the lower respiratory tract and causes necrosis of epithelium in the bronchi and bronchioles.

A

RSV

24
Q

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is also called?

A

SARS or SARS-CoV Disease

25
Q

SARS causes?

A

Upper and lower respiratory infection, Contact and droplet precautions.

26
Q

COPD is?

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, generally caused by prolonged cigarette use. In cases, airways are obstructed and air exchange is ineffective in the lungs.

27
Q

Inflammation of the Bronchi is?

A

Bronchitis

28
Q

What determinates does Bronchitis need to meet to be considered Chronic

A

A few months at a time, for at least two years.

29
Q

An obstructive and destructive disease of the small airways of the lungs.

A

Emphysema

30
Q

True or False: Extrinsic Asthma is due to exercise.

A

False, Extrinsic is due to dust, pollen, dander etc

31
Q

Intrinsic Asthma can be triggered by emotions, hot or cold environment changes, and exercise?

A

Yes

32
Q

Bronchiectasis is?

A

The dilation/widening of one or more bronchi .

33
Q

Carcinoma that arises from the mucosa of the bronchial tree?

A

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

34
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma is the ____ ______ type of lung cancer.

A

Most Common

35
Q

Large and small nodules throughout the lungs can be categorized as?

A

Metastases of the lungs

36
Q

True or False: A Pulmonary Embolism is cause by only blood clots.

A

False: Pulmonary Embolisms can be caused by Air embolus, Blood clots, Fat, Broken bone fragments in the blood stream and FB.

37
Q

DVT is the primary cause of__________

A

Pulmonary Embolisms

38
Q

An abnormal vascular communication in the pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins is?

A

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula

39
Q

Atelectasis is?

A

Diminished air in the lungs, reduced lung volume.

40
Q

Atelectasis is due to?

A

Bronchiole obstructions, neoplasms, FB, Mucus plugs, or other compression due to pneumothorax, pleural effusion, tumors and lung abscess’.

41
Q

ARDS

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome- severe and life threatening.

42
Q

What causes ARDS?

A

A variety of disorders but not an underlying lung disease. Shock lung/ Wet lung, Drug OD, inhalation of toxic materials.

43
Q

when a Foreign Body is ingested or aspirated into the lung which lung is it normally?

A

The right lung, the bronchial tree is wider on the right branch and more likely to receive aspiration and inhalation of FB

44
Q

Pneumomediastinum is?

A

Mediastinum emphysema, Air in the mediastinum. Usually spontaneous result of alveolar rupture or dissection

45
Q

Subcutaneous Emphysema is?

A

Air in the subcutaneous tissue due to penetrating or blunt injuries.

46
Q

A collapsed lung is called?

A

Pneumothorax.

47
Q

Fluid in the pleural space is called?

A

Pleural effusion

48
Q

Purulent in the pleural space is called?

A

Empyema

49
Q

The though of Empyema makes maggie want to _________

A

Vomit

50
Q

Pulmonary Edema is?

A

Fluid in the lung cavity

51
Q

Pulmonary infarct is?

A

Necrosis of area of the lung.

52
Q

What is pulmonary infarct caused by?

A

Usually, Ischemia

53
Q

Inflammation of the paranasal sinus is called?

A

Sinusitis.

2240 (2 decks)

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