Respiratory pathologies

Question 1

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 1

Excessive mucus produced by exocrine glands, mainly affects the lungs, but can also affect the pancreas and GI tract.

Question 2

How do people get Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 2

It is caused by a genetic defect, chromosome 7.

Question 3

How many lobes are in the left lung?

Answer 3

Two lobes, the superior and inferior. Split by the oblique fissure.

Question 4

How many lobes are in the right lung?

Answer 4

Three lobes, The superior, middle, and inferior. The S and M are split by the horizontal fissure, and the M and I are split by the oblique fissure.

Question 5

What does IRDS stand for?

Answer 5

Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Hyaline Membrane Disease

Question 6

Who does IRSD affect and describe it?

Answer 6

Newborns and Premature babies, under-aeration, produces atelectasis, alveoli struggle to remain open due to lack of surfactant.

Question 7

What is Croup?

Answer 7

A viral infection, causes inflammation/ swelling of the subglottic trachea.

Question 8

What is Epiglottitis?

Answer 8

Infection and inflammation of the epiglottis.

Question 9

Describe pneumonia?

Answer 9

Acute infection or inflammation of the lung. Can be caused by bacteria, viruses and aspiration.

Question 10

What kind of bacteria causes bronchopneumonia?

Answer 10

Staphylococcus

Question 11

What bacteria causes Alveolar pneumonia?

Answer 11

Pneumococcus

Question 12

Which pneumonia is viral or mycoplasmal?

Answer 12

Interstitial Pneumonia

Question 13

Aspiration pneumonia is caused by?

Answer 13

Aspirating duh

Question 14

A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing a purulent sac enclosed by fibrous tissue in the lungs is called?

Answer 14

A lung abscess.

Question 15

What is TB?

Answer 15

Tuberculosis

Question 16

what is tuberculosis caused by?

Answer 16

A bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Question 17

Tuberculum is?

Answer 17

Pre TB, A distinct nodule with TB bacilli can be seen but it is pre primary and secondary TB.

Question 18

This TB type is normally in the upper lobes.

Answer 18

Primary Tuberculosis

Question 19

Does miliary TB spread out of the lungs to the bloodstream?

Answer 19

YES

Question 20

What is RSV?

Answer 20

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Question 21

Who does RSV affect?

Answer 21

Mostly children

Question 22

What precautions are taken with RSV?

Answer 22

Contact and Droplet

Question 23

Normally in the lower respiratory tract and causes necrosis of epithelium in the bronchi and bronchioles.

Answer 23

RSV

Question 24

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is also called?

Answer 24

SARS or SARS-CoV Disease

Question 25

SARS causes?

Answer 25

Upper and lower respiratory infection, Contact and droplet precautions.

Question 26

COPD is?

Answer 26

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, generally caused by prolonged cigarette use. In cases, airways are obstructed and air exchange is ineffective in the lungs.

Question 27

Inflammation of the Bronchi is?

Answer 27

Bronchitis

Question 28

What determinates does Bronchitis need to meet to be considered Chronic

Answer 28

A few months at a time, for at least two years.

Question 29

An obstructive and destructive disease of the small airways of the lungs.

Answer 29

Emphysema

Question 30

True or False: Extrinsic Asthma is due to exercise.

Answer 30

False, Extrinsic is due to dust, pollen, dander etc

Question 31

Intrinsic Asthma can be triggered by emotions, hot or cold environment changes, and exercise?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Bronchiectasis is?

Answer 32

The dilation/widening of one or more bronchi .

Question 33

Carcinoma that arises from the mucosa of the bronchial tree?

Answer 33

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 34

Bronchogenic carcinoma is the ____ ______ type of lung cancer.

Answer 34

Most Common

Question 35

Large and small nodules throughout the lungs can be categorized as?

Answer 35

Metastases of the lungs

Question 36

True or False: A Pulmonary Embolism is cause by only blood clots.

Answer 36

False: Pulmonary Embolisms can be caused by Air embolus, Blood clots, Fat, Broken bone fragments in the blood stream and FB.

Question 37

DVT is the primary cause of__________

Answer 37

Pulmonary Embolisms

Question 38

An abnormal vascular communication in the pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins is?

Answer 38

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula

Question 39

Atelectasis is?

Answer 39

Diminished air in the lungs, reduced lung volume.

Question 40

Atelectasis is due to?

Answer 40

Bronchiole obstructions, neoplasms, FB, Mucus plugs, or other compression due to pneumothorax, pleural effusion, tumors and lung abscess'.

Question 41

ARDS

Answer 41

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome- severe and life threatening.

Question 42

What causes ARDS?

Answer 42

A variety of disorders but not an underlying lung disease. Shock lung/ Wet lung, Drug OD, inhalation of toxic materials.

Question 43

when a Foreign Body is ingested or aspirated into the lung which lung is it normally?

Answer 43

The right lung, the bronchial tree is wider on the right branch and more likely to receive aspiration and inhalation of FB

Question 44

Pneumomediastinum is?

Answer 44

Mediastinum emphysema, Air in the mediastinum. Usually spontaneous result of alveolar rupture or dissection

Question 45

Subcutaneous Emphysema is?

Answer 45

Air in the subcutaneous tissue due to penetrating or blunt injuries.

Question 46

A collapsed lung is called?

Answer 46

Pneumothorax.

Question 47

Fluid in the pleural space is called?

Answer 47

Pleural effusion

Question 48

Purulent in the pleural space is called?

Answer 48

Empyema

Question 49

The though of Empyema makes maggie want to _________

Answer 49

Vomit

Question 50

Pulmonary Edema is?

Answer 50

Fluid in the lung cavity

Question 51

Pulmonary infarct is?

Answer 51

Necrosis of area of the lung.

Question 52

What is pulmonary infarct caused by?

Answer 52

Usually, Ischemia

Question 53

Inflammation of the paranasal sinus is called?

Answer 53

Sinusitis.