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Pharmacology For Paramedics > Respiratory Medications > Flashcards

Respiratory Medications Flashcards

Medications associated with respiratory illness/emergencies

1
Q

What is magnesium’s class?

A

Electrolyte

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2
Q

What is magnesium’s mechanism of action?

A

Reduces acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

Blocks inward calcium current at SA node, increasing refractoriness

Decreases calcium into bronchial smooth muscle

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3
Q

What are the indications for magnesium?

A

Severe bronchospasm, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, seizures of eclampsia

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4
Q

What are the contraindications for magnesium?

A

Hypermagnesemia, high-grade AV block, renal disease, neuromuscular disease, digoxin therapy

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5
Q

What is the adult dose of magnesium for severe bronchopasm?

A

2-4g IV/IO bolus over twenty minutes

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6
Q

What is the pediatric dose of magnesium for severe bronchospasm?

A

25-75mg/kg to a max of 2g IV/IO over sixty minutes

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7
Q

What are the side effects of magnesium?

A

Respiratory depression, hypotension, depressed reflexes, facial flushing

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8
Q

How long is the onset of magnesium?

A

30-60 seconds

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9
Q

How long is the duration of magnesium?

A

3-4 hours

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10
Q

What is albuterol’s class?

A

Selective Beta 2-agonist

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11
Q

What is albuterol’s mechanism of action?

A

Binds to Beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Promotes smooth muscle relaxation

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12
Q

What are the indications for albuterol?

A

Bronchospasm

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13
Q

Who should be monitored during albuterol administrtion?

A

Patients with a hx of cardiac disease, seizures, diabetes, or arrhythmias

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14
Q

What is the adult dose of albuterol?

A

2.5mg in 3ml of saline

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15
Q

What is the pediatric dose of albuterol?

A

1.25mg in 3ml of saline UNDER 2YRS

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16
Q

What are the side effects of albuterol?

A

Dizziness, tremors, palpitations, hypERtension, tachycardia

17
Q

How long is the onset of albuterol?

A

5-15 minutes

18
Q

How long is the duration of albuterol?

A

1-4 hours

19
Q

What might interact with magnesium?

A

CNS depressants or cardiac glycosides

20
Q

What might interact with albuterol?

A

Beta blockers may antagonize effects

21
Q

What class is ipratropium?

A

Anticholinergic

22
Q

What is ipratropium’s mechanism of action?

A

Binds to and blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) sites in bronchial smooth muscle, decreasing contractility

Inhibits mucus secretion in bronchial tree

23
Q

What are the indications for ipratropium?

A

Bronchospasm, asthma exacerbation

24
Q

Who should be monitored during ipratropium administration?

A

Patients with glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or known sensitivity to atropine

25
Q

What is the adult dose of ipratropium?

A

500 mcg in 2.5ml

26
Q

What is the pediatric dose of ipratropium?

A

250mcg in 1.25ml UNDER 2YRS

27
Q

What are the side effects of ipratropium?

A

Dizziness, headache, hypOtension, palpitations

28
Q

What drugs might interact with ipratropium?

A

Other anticholinergics might have synergistic effect

29
Q

How long is the onset for ipratropium?

A

5-15 minutes

30
Q

How long is the duration of ipratropium?

A

1-4 hours

31
Q

What is class is racemic epinephrine?

A

Sympathomimetic

32
Q

What are the indications for racemic epinephrine?

A

Croup

33
Q

What are the contraindications of racemic epinephrine?

A

Suspected epiglottitis

34
Q

Who should be monitored during administration of racemic epinephrine?

A

Patients with a cardiac hx

35
Q

What is the adult dose for racemic epinephrine?

A

11.25mg -16.75mg in 2mL NS

36
Q

What is the pediatric dose for racemic epinephrine?

A

5.6mg-16.75mg in 2mL NS

37
Q

What are the side effects of racemic epinephrine?

A

Tachycardia, tremors, retleness, rebound airway edema, or hypERtension

38
Q

What drugs might interact with racemic epinephrine?

A

Beta-adrenergic agonists may blunt bronchodilation

Sympathomimetics and phosphodiesterase inhibitors may exacerbate dysrhytmias

Pharmacology For Paramedics (2 decks)

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