Respiratory Medications Flashcards
Medications associated with respiratory illness/emergencies
What is magnesium’s class?
Electrolyte
What is magnesium’s mechanism of action?
Reduces acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction
Blocks inward calcium current at SA node, increasing refractoriness
Decreases calcium into bronchial smooth muscle
What are the indications for magnesium?
Severe bronchospasm, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, seizures of eclampsia
What are the contraindications for magnesium?
Hypermagnesemia, high-grade AV block, renal disease, neuromuscular disease, digoxin therapy
What is the adult dose of magnesium for severe bronchopasm?
2-4g IV/IO bolus over twenty minutes
What is the pediatric dose of magnesium for severe bronchospasm?
25-75mg/kg to a max of 2g IV/IO over sixty minutes
What are the side effects of magnesium?
Respiratory depression, hypotension, depressed reflexes, facial flushing
How long is the onset of magnesium?
30-60 seconds
How long is the duration of magnesium?
3-4 hours
What is albuterol’s class?
Selective Beta 2-agonist
What is albuterol’s mechanism of action?
Binds to Beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
Promotes smooth muscle relaxation
What are the indications for albuterol?
Bronchospasm
Who should be monitored during albuterol administrtion?
Patients with a hx of cardiac disease, seizures, diabetes, or arrhythmias
What is the adult dose of albuterol?
2.5mg in 3ml of saline
What is the pediatric dose of albuterol?
1.25mg in 3ml of saline UNDER 2YRS
What are the side effects of albuterol?
Dizziness, tremors, palpitations, hypERtension, tachycardia
How long is the onset of albuterol?
5-15 minutes
How long is the duration of albuterol?
1-4 hours
What might interact with magnesium?
CNS depressants or cardiac glycosides
What might interact with albuterol?
Beta blockers may antagonize effects
What class is ipratropium?
Anticholinergic
What is ipratropium’s mechanism of action?
Binds to and blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) sites in bronchial smooth muscle, decreasing contractility
Inhibits mucus secretion in bronchial tree
What are the indications for ipratropium?
Bronchospasm, asthma exacerbation
Who should be monitored during ipratropium administration?
Patients with glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or known sensitivity to atropine
What is the adult dose of ipratropium?
500 mcg in 2.5ml
What is the pediatric dose of ipratropium?
250mcg in 1.25ml UNDER 2YRS
What are the side effects of ipratropium?
Dizziness, headache, hypOtension, palpitations
What drugs might interact with ipratropium?
Other anticholinergics might have synergistic effect
How long is the onset for ipratropium?
5-15 minutes
How long is the duration of ipratropium?
1-4 hours
What is class is racemic epinephrine?
Sympathomimetic
What are the indications for racemic epinephrine?
Croup
What are the contraindications of racemic epinephrine?
Suspected epiglottitis
Who should be monitored during administration of racemic epinephrine?
Patients with a cardiac hx
What is the adult dose for racemic epinephrine?
11.25mg -16.75mg in 2mL NS
What is the pediatric dose for racemic epinephrine?
5.6mg-16.75mg in 2mL NS
What are the side effects of racemic epinephrine?
Tachycardia, tremors, retleness, rebound airway edema, or hypERtension
What drugs might interact with racemic epinephrine?
Beta-adrenergic agonists may blunt bronchodilation
Sympathomimetics and phosphodiesterase inhibitors may exacerbate dysrhytmias
