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Cardiopulm 2 > Respiratory medications > Flashcards

Respiratory medications Flashcards

1
Q

meds for obstructive lung disease

A
  • bronchodilators
  • corticosteroids
  • combination meds
  • other

*meds can be administered via MDI, nebulizer, or pill form (depending on med)

MDI=metered dose inhaler

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2
Q

bronchodilators

A

= substance that dilates the bronchi or bronchioles decreasing resistance in respiratory airway and increasing airflow to lungs.

short acting
long acting
anticholinergics
methylxanthines

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3
Q

SABA

A

short acting beta 2 agonists

bronchodilators

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4
Q

how SABAs work

A
  • beta stimulation of the airways promotes bronchodilation
  • relax and open airways quickly!
  • increase movement of the cilia to help clear mucus
  • help to prevent exercise-induced wheezing
  • rescue inhaler!!
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5
Q

possible side effects/precautions of SABA

A
  • trembling, nervousness
  • insomnia
  • fast HR, increased BP
  • why? beta stimulation in the heart increases HR/BP
  • pt should take this medication first before other long acting meds
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6
Q

SABA examples

A

ALBUTEROL: (pro-air, proventil, ventolin)
LEVALBUTEROL: (xopenex)

*pts who are sensitive to albuterol might do better with xopenex- may have fewer cardiac side effects

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7
Q

LABA

A

=long acting beta-2 agonists

bronchodilators

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8
Q

how LABAs work

A
  • same idea as SABA med
  • relax and open airways, takes longer to work, but lasts longer
  • increase movement of the cilia to help clear mucus
  • help to prevent exercise-induced wheezing
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9
Q

possible side effects/precautions of LABA

A
  • trembling, nervousness
  • fast HR or increased BP
  • headache

-not used for quick relief
-patient should not use these more than is prescribed
(typically 1-2 puffs, 1-2x daily)

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10
Q

examples of LABAs

A

FORMOTEROL (foradil)

SALMETEROL (serevent)

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11
Q

how anticholinergics work

A
  • cholinergic stimulation enhances bronchoconstriction, so anticholinergics promote bronchodilation
  • relax and open airways
  • take effect more slowly than short acting Beta-2 agonists but effects last longer
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12
Q

possible side effects/precautions anticholinergics

A
  • nervousness, dizziness
  • drowsiness, headache
  • upset stomach
  • constipation, dry mouth

-not used an rescue inhaler

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13
Q

examples of anticholinergics

A 
IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (atrovent)
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE (spiriva)
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14
Q

other medications

A

SDE-4: prevent flare ups

methylxanthine: need to regulate carefully- supposed to stim diaphragm

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15
Q

how corticosteroids work

A
  • reduce inflammation and swelling in the airways
  • reduce mucus production
  • decrease sensitivity of airways to irritants/allergens
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16
Q

side effects and precautions of corticosteroids

A
  • fewer side effects with inhaled steroids vs pills
  • pt needs to rinse their mouth after using a steroid inhaler
  • need to taper down if on a high dose- can’t stop abruptly
  • these are not rescue meds!! considered more of a controller medication
  • side effects: weight gain, nervousness, insomnia, osteoporosis, HTN, high blood sugars

inhaled and pill form

*typical in asthma to need a “controller” med along with a bronchodilator

17
Q

combination medications

A

combo steroid and LABA - still need to rinse mouth

combivent =LABA and SABA together- can use as rescue

18
Q

nebulizers

A

liquid medication is administered with the nebulizer machine

-saline is added to the machine with medication and patient inhales the med as a mist

19
Q

MDI

A

=metered dose inhaler

20
Q

what do patient’s use spacers for MDI’s?

A

the patient will get a higher percentage of the medication into their lungs if they use a spacer

21
Q

meds for pulmonary HTN

A

work to relax and dilate the pulmonary arteries
-can be in pill form, injections or infusions

some typical meds:

  • revatio (viagra)
  • adcirca (cialis)
  • flolan
  • remodulin

*pts may be embarrassed about being on these meds so be careful!

22
Q

side effects of meds for pulmonary HTN

A

-headache, indigestion, muscle ache, flushing

Hypotension: not necessarily symptomatic

23
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

spirometry
plethysmography

Cardiopulm 2 (13 decks)

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