Respiratory Mechanics CPBC Flashcards
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what 3 areas of the brain participate in the control of breathing?
- medulla
- pons
- cortex, limbic system
What are the 2 respiratory groups of the medulla?
ventral respiratory groups
- pre-boetzinger complex –> central pattern generator
- boetzinger complex (aka SA node for breathing) –> expiratory neurons
dorsal respiratory groups
What are the 2 respiratory centers of the pons?
apneustic center –> stimulates inspiratory neurons of the dorsal and ventral respiratory group (medulla)
pneumotaxic center –> regulates volume and rate
how does ICH/TBI affect the breathing pattern
stimulation of the apneustic center of the pons –> gasping type breathing
What is the function fo the cortex/limbic system in control of respiration?
voluntary control/ emotions
where are the central chemoreceptors for breathing located and how are they stimulated?
in the medulla
blood CO2 diffuses into the CSF and increase [H+]/ decreased pH –> increase respiratory rate
where are the peripheal respiratory chemoreceptors located and how do they affect breathing?
cortid and aortic bodies
sense hypoxemia, hypercarbia, acidemia or decreased perfusion –> increase ventilation via the glossopharyngeal nerve
Where are the baroreceptors located and how do contribute to ventilation
carotid and aortic bodies
mostly concerned with circulation –> but sever hypotension will induce hyperventilation
what are the three types of breathing receptors located within the lungs?
- stretch receptors
- irritant receptors
- J receptors
what are the stretch receptors within the lungs?
located within the smooth muscles of the airways –> distention –> vagus nerve stimulated –> inhibits apneustic center
= inhibits respiration, prevents overdistention via the Hering-Breuer Reflex
how do the irritant receptors within the lungs affect respiration?
lay between airway epithelial cells
detect noxious gases, cigarette smoke, dust, cold air
cause bronchoconstriction and hyperpnea (=increased depth of breathing)
How do J receptors affect respiration?
lay in juxtacapillary and alveolar walls
stimulated by interstitial fluid or engorged pulmonary capillaries –> stimulates rapid, shallow breathing
are very sensitive –> even mild pulmonary edema not showing up on radiographs will stimulate recpetors –> first sign of volume overload is increased respiratory rate
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