Respiratory Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by hypoxia?

A

Lack of tissue oxygen

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2
Q

What is meant by hypoxaemia?

A

Lack of oxygen in the blood

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3
Q

In COPD patients, we aim for SaO2 of between __ and __ %

A

88 and 92

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4
Q

What are the 4 main buffers of pH in the body?

A

Bicarbonate, Haemoglobin, Ammonium, Phosphate

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5
Q

Define acidaemia

A

pH less than 7.5

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6
Q

Define acidosis

A

A process by which the blood contains excess acid

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7
Q

Define alkalaemia

A

pH greater than 7.45

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8
Q

Define alkalosis

A

A process by which the blood contains excess base

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9
Q

Respiratory changes are monitored by looking at CO2 concn. True/False?

A

True

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10
Q

Metabolic changes are monitored by looking at [H+]. True/False?

A

False

Look at HCO3 concn

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11
Q

Metabolic compensation is rapid. True/False?

A

False

It is slow

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12
Q

Respiratory compensation is rapid. True/False?

A

True

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13
Q

If pH is low, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is normal, this is what?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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14
Q

If pH is high, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is high, this is what?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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15
Q

If pH is low, PCO2 is normal, HCO3 is low, this is what?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

If pH is high, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is normal, this is what?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

17
Q

If pH is normal, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is high, this is what?

A

Compensated respiratory acidosis OR

Compensated metabolic alkalosis

18
Q

If pH is normal, PCO2 is low, HCO3 is low, this is what?

A

Compensated respiratory alkalosis OR

Compensated metabolic acidosis

19
Q

If pH is low, PCO2 is high, HCO3 is high, this is what?

A

Decompensated respiratory acidosis
pH went down as PCO2 went up; compensation occurred by HCO3 increasing to bring pH to normal; PCO2 went up further to cause lower pH again

20
Q

BE greater than +2 indicates what?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

21
Q

BE less than -2 indicates what?

A

Metabolic acidosis

22
Q

PEFR in obstructive disease is reduced. True/False?

23
Q

PEFR in restrictive disease is reduced. True/False?

A

False

It is usually normal

24
Q

FEV1 is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?

25
FEV1 is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?
True
26
FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?
False | Can be normal in asthmatics
27
FVC is reduced in restrictive disease. True/False?
True
28
FEV1/FVC is reduced in obstructive disease. True/False?
True
29
FEV1/FVC is the same in restrictive disease. True/False?
True
30
Which substances are used for bronchial challenge testing?
Methacholine, histamine, mannitol
31
What is Respiratory Failure?
Hypoxia (PaO2 less than 8kPa) with/without hypercapnia, occuring when gas exchange is inadequate
32
What is ARDS?
Respiratory stress due to stiff lungs and impaired gas exchange
33
What are the main causes of ARDS?
Lung injury Severe sepsis Pneumonia