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CRRAB II Week 5 > Respiratory Infectious Disease - Background > Flashcards

Respiratory Infectious Disease - Background Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical site where most human infections take place?

A

Respiratory tract

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2
Q

How do most exposures to the respiratory tract occur?

A

Most exposures come from the simple act of breathing and from hand contact with the nose and mouth.

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3
Q

What microorganisms can infect the respiratory tract?

A

Viruses, Bacteria, Airborne Fungi

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4
Q

What syndromes are caused by organisms colonizing and damaging the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Common cold (rhinitis)
  • Sinusitis
  • Pharyngitis/laryngitis
  • Croup (more common in children)
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5
Q

What are BY FAR the most common causes of upper respiratory tract infections?

A

VIRUSES

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6
Q

What is the most common upper respiratory infection?

A

Common colds

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7
Q

How many colds will a typical adult and typical child suffer from each year?

A

Adult - at least one

Children - several common cold infections

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8
Q

What cause the majority of colds? What percentage? What population particularly?

A

Rhinoviruses, ~50%, particularly in adults

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9
Q

At what temperature/environment do Rhinoviruses preferentially replicate?

A

33deg C (temperature found in the nose and upper airways) rather than 37deg C (temperature found in the lungs)

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10
Q

What pathogens are also important causes of the common cold?

A
  • Parainfluenza
  • Coronavirus
  • Influenza C virus
  • Coxsackievirus A + B
  • Adenoviruses
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11
Q

Like many respiratory infections, when are colds more common?

A

Winter months

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12
Q

What symptoms characterize colds?

A

-Nasal discharge or congestion
-Mild sore throat
-Cough
-Lack of fever
(Children ma have a mild fever)

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13
Q

How long do colds usually last?

A

A week or less and the infection is self-limiting

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14
Q

What is the treatment for common colds?

A

No specific therapy is available.

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15
Q

What is a typical complication of a viral URI caused by a secondary bacterial infection?

A

Sinusitis

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16
Q

How do patients with sinusitis usually present?

A
  • Fever
  • Pus-filled (purulent) nasal discharge
  • Sinus tenderness
17
Q

What does mucus color and consistency NOT indicate in Sinusitis?

A

Bacterial rather than viral infection

18
Q

What are common bacterial causes of sinusitis (2)? What percentage of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis infections do they cause? What is their representation?

A

-Streptococcus pneumoniae
-Haemophilus influenzae
They cause about 70% of acute bacterial sinusitis infections.
They equally contribute.

19
Q

What is an Acute Rhinosinusitis infection?

A

When rhinitis infections and sinusitis infections coexist in an infected individual, these infections are called Acute Rhinosinusitis.

20
Q

What is Pharyngitis?

A

Common URT infection

21
Q

What is the common cause of pharyngitis in young children (less than 3 years old) and adults?

A

Viruses

22
Q

What is the common cause of pharyngitis in older children (ages 5 to 15)?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes, followed by viruses

23
Q

What is the only common cause of pharyngitis that should be treated?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes - because it can lead to serious complications

24
Q

What does presentation of a fever and pharyngitis prompt in the doctors office that cannot be determined by clinical diagnosis alone?

A

Group A Strep test to rule out Streptococcus pyogenes infections. (to determine whether the cause is viral or bacterial)

25
Q

What symptoms are commonly seen in Pharyngitis?

A
  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Edema & Hyperemia (excess blood flow) of the tonsils and pharyngeal walls
26
Q

What are three acute inflammatory diseases that involve the upper airways?

A
  1. Acute laryngitis
  2. Laryngotracheobronchitis (viral croup)
  3. Epiglottitis
27
Q

What is the most common and most serious risk of this group of diseases (Acute laryngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, epiglottitis)?

A

Obstruction of the airway

28
Q

Why is it important to remember that obstruction of the airway can occur in laryngitis, croup, and epiglottitis?

A

It’s important to remember when treating very young children because the airways of young children are narrower than the airways of older children/adults.

29
Q

What is the timeframe associated with Laryngitis/Croup/Epiglottitis?

A
  • Typically self-limiting

- Resolve within a week

CRRAB II Week 5 (12 decks)

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