RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS: URTI – CHILDREN

Question 1

What structure ends the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Larynx

Question 2

Name the two classes of infective agents

Answer 2

Viral

Bacterial

Question 3

Which class of infective agents are very pathogenic?

Answer 3

Viral agents

Question 4

Identify some viral agents that can cause URTI

Answer 4

• Adenovirus
• Influenza A, B
• Parainfluenza type I, III
• RSV – respiratory syncytial virus
• Rhinovirus

Question 5

Identify some of the bacterial infective agents that can cause URTI

Answer 5

•	H influenzae
•	M catarrhalis
•	(Mycoplasma)
•	(S aureus)
•	Streptococci
	(B haemolytic, S pyogenes, Non haemolytic, S pneumoniae)

Question 6

are URTIs common in children?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

When is Rhinitis most common?

Answer 7

winter months (7 months; end of august - march)

Question 8

What type of condition is Rhinitis?

Answer 8

Self limiting

Question 9

What other illnesses is Rhinitis prodome to?

Answer 9

• Pneumonia
• bronchiolitis
• Meningitis
• Septicaemia

Question 10

What should you do if you’re unsure of whether the child has rhinitis?

Answer 10

review

Question 11

What type of condition is Otitis media?

Answer 11

Self limiting

Question 12

What is otitis media?

Answer 12

Primary viral infection - Spontaneous rupture of drum (ear infection causing, erythema, redness and swelling)

Question 13

When is otitis media referred to as a secondary infection?

Answer 13

When it’s accompanied with Pneumococcus/ H’flu

Question 14

What form of management is used for Otitis media?

Answer 14

Analgesia (conservative management)

Question 15

What form of managment is not recommended for Otitis media?

Answer 15

Antibiotics

Question 16

Why aren’t antibiotics not encouraged?

Answer 16

end point is the same as with analgesia i.e. child will make a full recovery
antibiotics have major side effects

Question 17

Symptom of rhinitis?

Answer 17

Runny nose

Question 18

Symptom of otitis media and average duration?

Answer 18

earache

4 days

Question 19

Is tonsilitis/pharyngitis common?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

How would you determine whether tonsillitis was viral or bacterial?

Answer 20

Throat swab to determine (for two days and detect whether bacteria are present)

Question 21

How would you treat tonsillitis?

Answer 21

Either nothing or 10 days penicillin

Question 22

What would you not use to treat tonsillitis and why?

Answer 22

amoxycillin –the patient will turn bright red, so unable to diagnose/distinguish

Question 23

What symptom is associated with tonsillitis?

Answer 23

sore throat

Question 24

Average duration of croup

Answer 24

3 days

Question 25

What is croup?

Answer 25

swelling within the larynx (overall child is quite well)

Question 26

What characteristics are associated with croup?

Answer 26

barking like cough, stridor, hoarse voice

Question 27

What treatment is used for croup?

Answer 27

oral dexamethasone

Question 28

what treatment is used for epiglottitis?

Answer 28

intubation and antibiotics

Question 29

What characteristics are associated with epiglottitis?

Answer 29

stridor and drooling

Question 30

Is epiglottitis toxic?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

What causes croup?

Answer 31

parainfluenza type 1

Question 32

What causes Epiglottitis?

Answer 32

H. influenzae type B

Question 33

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 33

Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis