Respiratory Infections 1

Question 1

Strict pathogens

Answer 1

• Exogenous transmission cause primary infections
  
  • Overcome local host defense
  • Adheres to healthy mucosa

Question 2

Opportunistic pathogens

Answer 2

• Endogenous transmission cause secondary infection
  
  • Needs alteration of host defenses
  • Binds to damaged epithelium, foreign bodies

Question 3

What conditions increase the risk for primary infections ?

Answer 3

• Pre-existing lung conditions or intubation
  
  • Smoking
  • Immunocompromised
  • Age extremities
  • Environmental risks

Question 4

Who are the players in innate host responses to primary infections?

Answer 4

• Interferon alpha and beta: control viral infection initially by inhibiting translation

Question 5

Nonspecific Febrile Disease is a result of ?

Answer 5

• Generalized flu like symptoms (malaise, fever, aches, anorexia) are a result of type I interferons and T cell proliferation

Question 6

Who are the players in Adaptive Host Response to viral infection

Answer 6

CD8 Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
- which detect viral peptides through MHC Class I are able to kill virus-infected cells by release of granzymes and perforins with assistance from CD4+ T Helper cells

Question 7

Most common cause of common cold

Answer 7

Rhinovirus

Question 8

Describe rhinovirus biology

Answer 8

• Family: Picornaviridae
• Small, non-enveloped, ss(+)RNA, icosahedral viruses • Over 100 antigenically distinct serotypes
• Labile at acidic pH
common in summer; stays on surface 7days-3months

4 Viral Capsid Protein: VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4

Question 9

How is rhinovirus transmitted ?

Answer 9

aerosol, direct contact and indirect contact
• Sneezing/Coughing
• Nose-to-hand, hand-to-hand
• Fomites