Respiratory Illnesses 3 Flashcards

1
Q

empyema: what?

A

complication of bacterial pneumonia: a pleural effusion filled with pus (so in pleural space)

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2
Q

lung abscess: what?

A

complication of bacterial pneumonia: a pocket of pus

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3
Q

what bacteria cause pneumonia in a previously healthy person: typical?

A

strep pneumoniae> GAS, H. influenzae, staph aureus

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4
Q

what bacteria cause pneumonia in a previously healthy person: atypical?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae&raquo_space; chlamydia pnemoniae >legionella pneumophila

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5
Q

what bacteria cause pneumonia in a previously healthy person:: atypical pneumonia presents differently?

A

onset over a few days (not acute). more likely to have rashes or other extra pulmonary disease. dry cough (not productive). fever not as high. often bronchopneumonia or interstitial pneumonia on CXR (vs. lobar)

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6
Q

chronic pneumonia: often turns out to be?

A

not pneumonia but a non-infections problem like lung cancer. also consider TB

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7
Q

clinical disease due to mycoplasma pneumoniae: most of the time? sometimes causes?

A

most of the time, asymptomatic colonization. sometimes causes cold, bronchitis, atypical bacteria

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8
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia: about 25% with pneumonia also have

A

also have extrapulmonary involvemet. usually autoimmune. rash is common.

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9
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae pathogenesis: incubation period?

A

long, for a resp pathogen: 1 - 4 weeks

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10
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae pathogenesis: where in the cell? releases what?

A

attachment organelle = stays on surface of cells (rather than invading them). free radicals, community acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin = inflammation

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11
Q

diagnosis of mycloplasma pneumoniae: 3 things?

A

cold agglutinins. molecular testing via PCR. serology. (culture not useful, mycloplasma hard to grow)

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12
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae: treatment with antibiotics or not?

A

almost all get better without antibiotics, get better a few days quicker while on them.

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13
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae: treatment with what antibiotic

A

macrolides - but some resistance so might have to use tetracyclines, quinolines

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14
Q

previously healthy child with suspected bacterial pneumonia:what antibiotics

A

amoxicillin or ampicillin

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15
Q

previously healthy adult with suspected bacterial pneumonia:what antibiotics

A

azithromycin or doxycycline in outpatients. ceftriaxone and azithromycin in inpatients. sometimes use levofloxacin alone

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16
Q

viruses: can cause infections where? but?

A

any virus can cause a URTI/LRTI in any part of the respiratory tract: but there is tropism aka some viruses are likely to cause disease in certain parts

17
Q

if you have a virus in your resp tract, will you always have symptoms?

A

nope. but could still be contagious

18
Q

rhinovirus: common? causes?

A

extremely common. causes only colds

19
Q

RSV: stands for? causes?

A

respiratory syncytial virus. colds but also bronchiolitis and pneumonia

20
Q

RSV: unlike __, occurs almost exclusively during?

A

unlike rhinovirus, occurs almost exclusively in the winter

21
Q

RSV: getting it again?

A

only one serotype but we still get it over and over again

22
Q

under recognized cause of pneumonia in the elderly

A

RSV