Respiratory Illnesses 3 Flashcards
empyema: what?
complication of bacterial pneumonia: a pleural effusion filled with pus (so in pleural space)
lung abscess: what?
complication of bacterial pneumonia: a pocket of pus
what bacteria cause pneumonia in a previously healthy person: typical?
strep pneumoniae> GAS, H. influenzae, staph aureus
what bacteria cause pneumonia in a previously healthy person: atypical?
mycoplasma pneumoniae»_space; chlamydia pnemoniae >legionella pneumophila
what bacteria cause pneumonia in a previously healthy person:: atypical pneumonia presents differently?
onset over a few days (not acute). more likely to have rashes or other extra pulmonary disease. dry cough (not productive). fever not as high. often bronchopneumonia or interstitial pneumonia on CXR (vs. lobar)
chronic pneumonia: often turns out to be?
not pneumonia but a non-infections problem like lung cancer. also consider TB
clinical disease due to mycoplasma pneumoniae: most of the time? sometimes causes?
most of the time, asymptomatic colonization. sometimes causes cold, bronchitis, atypical bacteria
mycoplasma pneumonia: about 25% with pneumonia also have
also have extrapulmonary involvemet. usually autoimmune. rash is common.
mycoplasma pneumoniae pathogenesis: incubation period?
long, for a resp pathogen: 1 - 4 weeks
mycoplasma pneumoniae pathogenesis: where in the cell? releases what?
attachment organelle = stays on surface of cells (rather than invading them). free radicals, community acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin = inflammation
diagnosis of mycloplasma pneumoniae: 3 things?
cold agglutinins. molecular testing via PCR. serology. (culture not useful, mycloplasma hard to grow)
mycoplasma pneumoniae: treatment with antibiotics or not?
almost all get better without antibiotics, get better a few days quicker while on them.
mycoplasma pneumoniae: treatment with what antibiotic
macrolides - but some resistance so might have to use tetracyclines, quinolines
previously healthy child with suspected bacterial pneumonia:what antibiotics
amoxicillin or ampicillin
previously healthy adult with suspected bacterial pneumonia:what antibiotics
azithromycin or doxycycline in outpatients. ceftriaxone and azithromycin in inpatients. sometimes use levofloxacin alone
viruses: can cause infections where? but?
any virus can cause a URTI/LRTI in any part of the respiratory tract: but there is tropism aka some viruses are likely to cause disease in certain parts
if you have a virus in your resp tract, will you always have symptoms?
nope. but could still be contagious
rhinovirus: common? causes?
extremely common. causes only colds
RSV: stands for? causes?
respiratory syncytial virus. colds but also bronchiolitis and pneumonia
RSV: unlike __, occurs almost exclusively during?
unlike rhinovirus, occurs almost exclusively in the winter
RSV: getting it again?
only one serotype but we still get it over and over again
under recognized cause of pneumonia in the elderly
RSV
