Respiratory Histology

Question 1

What is the function of the nasal cavity the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Warming, moistening and filtering of the inspired air

Question 2

What type of epithelium does the roof of the nasal cavity contain?

Answer 2

Olfactory epithelium

Question 3

What is the function of olfactory epithelium?

Answer 3

Smelling

Question 4

Where is the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity located?

Answer 4

Under the cribriform plate of the ethnic bone

Question 5

What type of epithelium lines the initial part of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

What type of epithelium lines the deeper part of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells aka Respiratory epithelium

Question 7

What is the function of secretory glands in respiratory epithelium?

Answer 7

Production of mucin

Question 8

What is the function of basal lamina in respiratory epithelium?

Answer 8

Reproduce epithelium (replaced every few weeks)

Question 9

What is found underneath the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 9

The lamina propria

Question 10

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 10

Band of connective tissue containing seromucous glands (M & S) and a rich venous plexus

Question 11

What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx and epiglottis?

Answer 11

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

Which part of the larynx is not covered in respiratory epithelium?

Answer 12

The vocal folds and adjacent structures

Question 13

What type of epithelium lines the vocal folds and adjacent structures?

Answer 13

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

Answer 14

Respiratory epithelium

Question 15

What backs the resp. epithelium of the trachea?

Answer 15

Basal lamina
Lamina propria of connective tissue with abundant elastic fibres and submucosa of loose connective tissue that includes many seromucous glands

Question 16

The trachea is maintained and held open by _____

Answer 16

hyaline cartilage

Question 17

What lines the bronchi?

Answer 17

Respiratory epithelium

Question 18

What is the lamina propria in the bronchi made of?

Answer 18

Discontinuous layer of smooth muscle and seromucous glands

Question 19

How do the cells of the wall of the conducting airways obtain oxygen, nutrients, etc.?

Answer 19

Perfused by the bronchial arteries (branch off the aorta)

Question 20

How does the epithelium of the bronchioles change superiorly to inferiorly?

Answer 20

Decrease in height from columnar to cuboidal

Question 21

What is the lamina propria made of in the bronchioles?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle + elastic and collagenous fibres

Question 22

What are the terminal portions of the respiratory tree?

Answer 22

Alveoli

Question 23

What does the alveolar epithelium consist of?

Answer 23

Type I & II alveolar cells

Question 24

What is the function of type I alveolar cells?

Answer 24

Provide a minimal barrier permeable to gases for gas exchange

Question 25

What shape do type II alveolar cells have?

Answer 25

Polygonal shape

Question 26

Which part of type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant?

Answer 26

Lamellar bodies

Question 27

What is the function of alveolar surfactant?

Answer 27

Reduce surface tension of the air-fluid interface of alveoli to reduce the tendency of alveoli to collapse after expiration

Question 28

What is the purpose of alveolar macrophages?

Answer 28

Remove inhaled particles that weren’t removed by the mucociliary escalator

Question 29

What is the function of the goblet cells of the epithelium together with the submucosal glands in the trachea?

Answer 29

Produce a viscous fluid that casts the surface of the airway, trapping particles that are then propelled out of the airway by cilia