Respiratory Health

Question 1

what are the properties and effects of nicotine (3)

Answer 1

1. stimulates secretion of adrenaline
   - increase heart rate and b.p.
2. promotes blood clotting
   - increased risk of blood clots in b.v, increased risk of coronary heart disease
3. suppresses insulin secretion
   - increase blood glucose

Question 2

what are the properties and effects of carbon monoxide (odourless and colourless) (3)

Answer 2

1. combines irreversibly with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin
   - decreases oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs
2. increase build up of fatty deposits on inner arterial wall
   - increase risk of atherosclerosis
3. damages lining of b.v.
   - increase risk of blood clotting

Question 3

what are the properties and effects of tar (irritant) (2)

Answer 3

1. contains cancer causing chemicals that causes uncontrolled cell division
   - increase risk of lung cancer
2. paralyses cillia lining air passages
   - cannot remove dust trapped in mucus lining airways, might block air sacs, decrease gas exchg efficiency
   - increase risk of chronic bronchitis and emphesema

Question 4

what are the effects of chronic bronchitis (3)

Answer 4

1. inflamed epithelium lining airway, excessive muscus secreted
2. paralysed cillia, mucus and dust cannot be removed effectively
3. air passages blocked, airflow reduced, persistent coughing to clear airways

Question 5

what are the properties and effects of emphysema (3)

Answer 5

1. alveolar partition walls break down due to intense coughing
   - SA:V of alveoli decrease, decrease rate of diffusion, decrease rate of gaseous exchg
2. lung inflated w air, loses elasticity due to persistent inflammation
3. breathing difficulties

Question 6

what are the properties and effects of lung cancer (1)

Answer 6

uncontrolled cell division in lungs, giving rise to tumours