Respiratory Failure Flashcards
T1RF
diagnosis
causes
PO2 U8kPa
CO2 normal/low
HYPOXIA - IMPAIRED GAS EXCHANGE
Detected by SaO2
VQ mismatch, low PiO2, alveolar hypoventilation
Pulmonary edema, fibrosis
Pneumonia
Atlectasis, pneumothorax
Asthma, COPD
T2RF
diagnosis
causes
PO2 U8kPa
PCO2 6kPa+
HYPOXIA + HYPERCAPNIA - PUMP FAILURE
Detected by ABG
Low neural drive
-polio, MND, SC injury, GBS, MG, encephalitis
-opiates
Low muscle capacity
-DMD, BMD
Increased resp load
-kyphoscoliosis, obesity, COPD
Presentation
acute
chronic
SOB
Cyanosed, sleepy
Confused
SOB
Sleep disordered breathing
End organ injury
Management of T1RF
O2 if hypoxic
15L NRM - 94-98%
Venturi mask - 88-92% CO2 retainer
If no improvement => CPAP (NIV)
Management of T2RF
If low ventilation rate and starting to tire => BIPAP (NIV) get rid of excess CO2
- no sedation
- not invasive
Invasive - needs sedation (tracheal intubation)
- LOC, resp/cardiac instability
- cannot protect airway, confused
- BUT NOT APPROPRIATE FOR ALL