Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 2 6. OSCE > Respiratory examination > Flashcards

Respiratory examination Flashcards

1
Q

What ‘red flags’ should prompt a chest x-ray?

A
  • haemoptysis
  • breathlessness
  • fever
  • chest pain
  • weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of sputum?

A
  • serous
  • mucoid
  • purulent
  • rusty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe serous sputum

A
  • clear, watery (acute pulmonary oedema)

- frothy, pink (alveolar cell cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe mucoid sputum

A
  • clear, grey (chronic bronchitis/COPD)

- white, viscid (asthma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the possible causes of yellow purulent sputum

A
  • acute bronchopulmonary infection

- asthma (eosinophils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the possible causes of green sputum?

A

longer standing infection

  • pneumonia
  • bronchiectasis
  • cystic fibrosis
  • lung abcess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe rust sputum

A

rusty colour - pneumococcal pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the possible causes of haemoptysis?

A
  • tumour
  • infection
  • vascular
  • vasculitis
  • trauma
  • cardiac
  • haematological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the causes of non-central chest pain

A

Pleural:

  • infection
  • malignancy
  • pneumothorax
  • pulmonary infarction
  • connective tissue disease

Chest wall:

  • malignancy
  • cough/breathlessness
  • muscle spasm
  • Rib fracture
  • intercostal nerve
  • thoracic shingles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the causes of central chest pain?

A
  • tracheal
  • cardiac
  • oesophageal
  • great vessels
  • mediastinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the non-cardiorespiratory causes of breathlessness?

A
  • anaemia
  • metabolic acidosis
  • obesity
  • psychogenic
  • neurogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the cardiac causes of breathlessness?

A
  • LV failure
  • mitral valve disease
  • cardiomyopathy
  • constrictive pericarditis
  • pericardial effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the causes of respiratory breathlessness?

A
  • airway
  • parenchyma
  • pulmonary circulation
  • pleural
  • chest wall
  • neuromuscular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors may be important from the past history?

A
  • atopy
  • asthma
  • past illnesses (whooping cough, measles, pneumonia, TB)
  • connective tissue disorders
  • malignancy
  • recent travel
  • recent surgery
  • neuromuscular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should be asked in the drug history?

A
  • type, dose and frequency of inhaler

- effectiveness of previously prescribed medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What important diseases should be asked about in family history?

A
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • atopy
  • COPD
  • TB
17
Q

What should you ask the patient about their social history?

A
  • smoking
  • pets
  • occupation
18
Q

How should you start the respiratory examination?

A
  • wash hands
  • introduce self
  • confirm name & DOB
  • explain procedure
  • gain consent
19
Q

What should you look for in the general inspection?

A
  • observe appearance
  • look for sputum pots, oxygen, inhalers, intercostal drains
  • count RR
  • stridor
  • hoarseness
20
Q

What should you look for on the hands?

A
  • temperature
  • clubbing of nails
  • palmar erythema
  • pallor of palmar creases
  • peripheral cyanosis
  • tar staining
  • fine tremor
  • asterixis (flapping tremor of CO2 retention)
  • pulse
21
Q

What should you look for on the face?

A
  • pale conjuctiva (anaemia)

- central and peripheral cyanosis

22
Q

What should you look for on the chest?

A
  • scars
  • deformities
  • assess chest movements
  • use of accessory muscles
23
Q

What should you palpate on the neck?

A

lymph nodes
- palpate one side at a time from behind the patient

tracheal deviation
- place fingers on either side (may be uncomfortable)

24
Q

What should you palpate on the chest?

A
  • chest expansion

- tactile fremitus (99)

25
Q

How should you percuss the chest?

A

Front:

  • start at clavicles and work down, comparing each side
  • remember axilla

Back:
- work between scapula and move out underneath the,

26
Q

How do you report a normal chest percussion?

A
  • resonant and equal on both sides
27
Q

How do you perform auscultation on the chest?

A
  • ask patient to breathe through open mouth

- vocal resonance (99)

28
Q

How do you report a normal auscultation?

A
  • vesicular breath sounds
  • equal bilaterally
  • no crackles, wheeze or pleural rub
29
Q

How do you end a respiratory examination?

A
  • summarise
  • thank patient
  • wash hands

Phase 2 6. OSCE (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions