Respiratory exam

Question 1

Axterixis?

Answer 1

hold arm out wrists dorsi-flexed fingers in extension 30 secs

flapping tremor= co2 retention (type 2 respiratory failure)

Question 2

Clammy hands sign of what?

Answer 2

co2 retention

Question 3

reasons for prolonged expiration phase?

Answer 3

asthma exacerbations and patients with COPD

Question 4

what can high JVP mean?

Answer 4

pulmonary hypertension

or CVS reasons

Question 5

Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 5

ptosis
miosis
enopthalmos

Question 6

Barrel chest?

Answer 6

(taller and wider chest)

in asthma and COPD

Question 7

Normal cricosternal distance?

Answer 7

inferior border of cricoid cartilage and suprasternal notch (3-4 fingers)

Question 8

Abnormal cricosternal distance?

Answer 8

less than 3 fingers

=lung hyperinflation (asthma and COPD)

Question 9

Restricted chest expansion reasons?

Answer 9

pulmonary fibrosis (reduced lung elasticity)

Question 10

Asymmetrical chest expansion reasons?

Answer 10

pneumothorax
pneumonia
pleural effusion

Question 11

Wheeze reasons?

Answer 11

asthma
COPD
bronchiectasis

Question 12

Stridor reasons?

Answer 12

(from turbulent airflow in upper airways)

foreign body inhalation (acute)
subglottic stenosis (chronic)

Question 13

Coarse crackles reasons?

Answer 13

pneumonia
bronchiectasis
pulmonary oedema

Question 14

Fine end-inspiratory crackles reasons?

Answer 14

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 15

erythema nodosum sign of what?

+what does it look like?

Answer 15

sarcoidosis

reddish, painful, tender lumps (front of legs below knees)