Respiratory Epithelia

Question 1

What cell type is in conducting portion of the respiratory epithelia?

Answer 1

Pseduostratified columnar with cilia

Question 2

What cell type mediates gas exchange in respiratory epithelia?

Answer 2

simple squamous

Question 3

What are the 5 cell types found in respiratory epithelia?

Answer 3

1. Goblet Cells
2. Ciliated pseuodstratified columnar cell
3. Brush cells (sensory receptors with microvilli)
4. Basal Cells (regenerative)
5. Granule Cells ( granule containing cells that may be part of neuroendocrine system that regulate secretion)

Question 4

Describe the function of the Mucociliary elevator

Answer 4

Goblet cells and seromucous glands secrete mucus that floats on the aqueous layer that surrounds cilia of respiratory epithelium. Particles are trapped in the mucus when inhaled and beating cilia propel particles to nose and mouth where they are expelled. Cilia is deeper than goblet cells to make sure mucus moves up and there is no retrograde flow of mucus

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Kartagener syndrome

Answer 5

There is a dynein dysfuntion

- there is consequently no cilia beating and a greater risk for respiratory infection.

Question 6

What makes up the Conducting portion of the Lungs?

Answer 6

1. Trachea
2. Nasal Cavity
3. Bronchi
4. Bronchioles (Regular and Terminal)
5. Larynx

Question 7

Where in the respiratory system is there cartilage present?

Answer 7

Bronchi (irregular rings or plates), , Larynx (Hyaline cartialge), Trachea ( regular rings of Hyaline cartilage)

Question 8

What are the regions where host defense can be found?

Answer 8

1. Nasal Passages (Vibrissae) 2. Mucus Elevator made of Respiratory epithelium (ciliated) (1-10 microns) and, 3. Alveolus (by alveolar macrophages aka dust cells)

Other host defenses are metabolic (Capillary Endothelium), immunologic ( BALT - Bronchus associated Lymphatic Tissue ) and acid -base

Question 9

Describe the method of defense of the nasal passages and mucus-coated ciliated respiratory epithelium.

Answer 9

They trap particles larger than 10 micrometers and between 2-10 micrometers respectively

Question 10

What role does the cough reflex have in host defense?

Answer 10

Host eliminates particles by expectoration (cough up and eject by spitting) or swallowing.

Question 11

Identify regions where cartilage can be found.

Answer 11

1. Bronchi 2. Trachea, 3. Larynx

Question 12

Identify regions where smooth muscle can be found.

Answer 12

1. Trachea (Trachealis muscle)
2. Bronchi (between the lamina propria and the submucosa)
3. Bronchiole (Bundles in the bronchiolar wall) 4. Respiratory Bronchioles (reduced amount compared to Bronchiole)
4. Alveolar Ducts

Question 13

What is trend of smooth muscle and cartilage as the bronchi branches into smaller branches?

Answer 13

In smaller branches, the amount of cartilage decreases, whereas the amount of smooth muscle increases (bronchi to bronchiole)

Question 14

Where can cilia be found?

Answer 14

1. Trachea respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar)
2. Larger bronchioles ( ciliated pseudostratified columnar transitstions to simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium)

Question 15

What three cell types make up the Olfactory epithelium?

Answer 15

Basal Cells (small, round, at epithelium base, basal nuclei)
Olfactory Cells (bipolar neurons, basal nucleus)
Supporting cells (most prominent and consists of an apical nuclei and microvilli-NOT cilia)

Question 16

Which respiratory epithelium cells sit on the basement membrane and extend to the lumen of the conduit?

Answer 16

Ciliatd pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells, mucous goblet cells, brush cells

Question 17

Which 2 respiratory epithelium cell types sit on the basement membrane but DO NOT extend to the lumen?

Answer 17

Basal cells and Granule cells

Question 18

As we go deeper into the respiratory tree, epithelial cells transition from A to B to C. With C being at the alveoli, name A, B, and C epithelium cell types.

Answer 18

A= ciliated pseudostratified columnar
B= ciliated simple cuboidal 
C= Simple Squamous

Question 19

What are Swell bodies?

Answer 19

Venous plexus in conective tissue to warm air located in Nasal Conchae.

Question 20

Where is specialized olfactory epithelium located?

Answer 20

Superior conchae and surfaces exposed to the superior meatus.