respiratory emergencies

Question 1

morning headaches, flushed face

Answer 1

sleep apnea

Question 2

DDx for absent or diminished breath sounds

Answer 2

COPD
pneumonia
CHF
severe asthma
pneumothorax

Question 3

air flow obstruction occurring above the level of the vocal cords leads to ______ stridor

Answer 3

inspiratory

Question 4

causes of inspiratory stridor

Answer 4

foreign body
epiglottitis
angioedema

Question 5

causes of expiratory stridor

Answer 5

croup
foreign body
bacterial tracheitis

Question 6

crackles (rales) indicate

Answer 6

inter-alveolar fluid:
acute decompensated heart failure
adult respiratory distress syndrome
pneumonia

Question 7

JVD with lungs that appear to be CTAB

Answer 7

right heart failure
cardiac tamponade
PE

Question 8

cardiac related acute pulmonary edema is caused by

Answer 8

MI
CHF
accelerated HTN

Question 9

pulmonary related acute pulmonary edema is caused by

Answer 9

drowning
aspiration pneumonia
smoke inhalation
inhalation of toxins

Question 10

initial outpatient treatment of a patient with worsening CHF

Answer 10

high flow O2
keep patients head and shoulders elevated
keep calm
transport

Question 11

first line treatment for acute asthma attack

Answer 11

inhaled or nebulized short acting beta agonist (SABA) such as albuterol

Question 12

true or false: long acting beta agonists (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroids have no role in the treatment of an acute asthmatic attack

Answer 12

true!

Question 13

failure of beta antagonist to improve exacerbation may warrant the use of

Answer 13

IM epinephrine (1mg/mL)

Question 14

ER referral for asthma attack is indicated if

Answer 14

R>30
P>120
pulse ox 91 with a drop when walking
peak flow

Question 15

inspiratory stridor, cough, hoarseness

Answer 15

croup

Question 16

what is the hallmark of croup among infants and young children

Answer 16

barking or hacking cough

Question 17

pathophysiology of anaphylaxis

Answer 17

smooth muscle contraction and vascular dilation with escape of plasma into tissues—->leakage of fluid into the interstitial tissues leads to decreased volume in blood stream—->fluid in lungs lead to pulmonary edema

Question 18

first line treatment for anaphylaxis

Answer 18

IM epinephrine (1mg/mL) 0.3 to 0.5 mg
oxygen- 6 to 8 liters per minute via face mask
normal saline rapid bolus to treat hypotension

Question 19

what is an anaphylactoid reaction

Answer 19

non IgE mediated reaction that resembles anaphylaxis but not antibody related; often occurs with first exposure to certain drugs

Question 20

who is at high risk for anaphylactoid reaction

Answer 20

asthma pts particularly those with nasal polyps and sensitivity to ASA and NSAIDS

Question 21

hallmarks of epiglottitis in children (the three Ds)

Answer 21

dysphagia
drooling
ditress

Question 22

which oxygen dlivery device provides the highest percentage of oxygen?

Answer 22

non-rebreather mask- 90%

Question 23

which mask is great for emphysema or COPD?

Answer 23

venturi mask- different colors to determine how much oxygen pt is getting