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First aid and emergency medicine > Respiratory emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory emergencies Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Physical Signs of respiratory distress

A 
Anxiety
acessary muscles
cyanosis
flail chest
trachea deviation
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2
Q

What would you think if only one leg or arm had cyanosis

A

Suspect and arterial blockage, also if there is hair loss on lower extreamity

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3
Q

What would venous blockage look like on leg?

A

edema

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4
Q

how does flail chest: chest wall moving asynchronus fasion

A

2-3 broken ribs broken in 2 places

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5
Q

what would you not want to give to someone with difficulty breathing/flai chest

A

don’t give morphine because it can supress respiratory distress

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6
Q

what stimulates respiratroy drives

A

Rising CO2 levels

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7
Q

what would cause sever shrotness of breath

A 
arrhythmias
pericardial tamponade
Pulm Embolism
asthma
anaphylaxis
poisoning
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8
Q

what is beck triad

A

Sign of pericardial embolism:

  • Low BP
  • Muffled heart sounds
  • JVD
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9
Q

signs of epiglottitis

A

-drooling
-Leaning forward won’t swallow,
Distress
- Dysphagia hot potato voice

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10
Q

signs of peritonsilar abscess

A
  • high temp
  • redness into palate
  • assymetrical dysplaced uvula
  • signifigant pain with swallowing
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11
Q

Treatment for peritonsil abscess

A

Low does prednisome 30 mg with and antibiotic

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12
Q

what may save trip to ER if someon has asthma

A
  • stiff coffee
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13
Q

what should you suspect first if infant suddenly stops breathing

A

Foregin body

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14
Q

cardiovascular cause of SOB

A
  • septal defects
  • myocarditis
  • pericarditis
  • shock
  • cardiac tamponade
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15
Q

who often gets pericarditis

A

Often 1-2 months after and MI

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16
Q

dresslers syndrome

A

many months after MI,

autoimmune chest pain unrelated to exchemia

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17
Q

HEENT cause of SOB

A

Angioedema

18
Q

Hematologic cause of SOB

A

Sever anemia from trauma or bloodloss

sickel cell

19
Q

neurological cause of SOB

A 
Head trauma
subarachnoid hemorrage
C4 or higher neck
gulin garee
botulinsm
20
Q

what dugs can cause SOB

A

Drug overdose of Benzos
alcohol
salicylate poisoning
diabetic ketoacidosis

21
Q

sx of salicylate poisoning

A

Hyper ventilation

tinnitis

22
Q

What do you always start with with breathing problems

A

ask how the yfeel

23
Q

what would to think if there were absent or diminished breath sounds

A

decreased air movement

  • COPD, Asthma
  • pneumothorax
  • CHF
24
Q

what would you think if deminished breath sounds but dull to percussion

A
  • CHF
  • Pneumonia
  • tumor
25
Q

what blood test are used to differentiate between CHF and Pneumonia

A

Naturetic peptide

26
Q

What if wheezing, high pitched general apices

A

asthma

inspiratory or expiratory

27
Q

What if you hear crackles or interalveoar fluids

A
  • pneumonia
  • acute decompensated HF
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome
28
Q

what if you see JVD

A
  • Right heart failure
    cardiac tamponade
  • pulmonary embolism
29
Q

pitting edema

A

Acute decompensated heart failure

30
Q

what would you always ask about if someone had and upper extremity DBT

A

Rule out cancer

- Ask about indwelling catheter recently

31
Q

Inital outpatient treatment of patient with worsening CHF

A
  • O2, high flow
  • elevate head and shoulders
  • Keep calm
  • 911 transport
32
Q

What are the sx of a severe asthma attack?

A

wheezes or absent breath sounds
- pulses paradoxus,
- drop of systolic BP
you are going to want to give EPI

33
Q

When do steroids or antihistamines have no place in asthma

A

during acute event you are going to need epi

34
Q

what is the drug of choice for acute anaphylaxis or asthma

A

epinephrine

35
Q

what causes anaphylaxis

A

IgE mediated respones***

degranulation of mast cess

36
Q

what is the difference between anaphylactoic response and anaphalxis

A

Anaphylactoid: Not IgE mediated degranulation of mast cells
Anaphylaxis: IgE mediated degranulation of mast cells

37
Q

what do people with anaphylactoid often have?

A
  • aprin allergy
  • food dye allergy
  • asthma
  • iodine respone
38
Q

who should you not give aspirin to?

A

those with Sanfords triad

  • Asthma
  • Hay fever
  • Nasal polyps
39
Q

What can be given for panic attacks

A

Herbs

Beta blockers

40
Q

Which mask gives the greater amount of oxygen

A

Non Rebreather mask.

41
Q

what mask allows you to measure delivered oxygen

A

venturi mask. It leads to most accurate measurment

42
Q

How many Liters/minutes in nasal canula

A

4-6 l/minute.

5 liters/minute is a bit uncomfortable.

First aid and emergency medicine (3 decks)

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